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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)2012; 12(6); 8145-8156; doi: 10.3390/s120608145

Accuracy and precision of equine gait event detection during walking with limb and trunk mounted inertial sensors.

Abstract: The increased variations of temporal gait events when pathology is present are good candidate features for objective diagnostic tests. We hypothesised that the gait events hoof-on/off and stance can be detected accurately and precisely using features from trunk and distal limb-mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). Four IMUs were mounted on the distal limb and five IMUs were attached to the skin over the dorsal spinous processes at the withers, fourth lumbar vertebrae and sacrum as well as left and right tuber coxae. IMU data were synchronised to a force plate array and a motion capture system. Accuracy (bias) and precision (SD of bias) was calculated to compare force plate and IMU timings for gait events. Data were collected from seven horses. One hundred and twenty three (123) front limb steps were analysed; hoof-on was detected with a bias (SD) of -7 (23) ms, hoof-off with 0.7 (37) ms and front limb stance with -0.02 (37) ms. A total of 119 hind limb steps were analysed; hoof-on was found with a bias (SD) of -4 (25) ms, hoof-off with 6 (21) ms and hind limb stance with 0.2 (28) ms. IMUs mounted on the distal limbs and sacrum can detect gait events accurately and precisely.
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Publication Date: 2012-06-12 PubMed ID: 22969392PubMed Central: PMC3436021DOI: 10.3390/s120608145Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper delves into the possibility of accurately detecting variations in equine gait events- such as hoof-on/off and stance- when pathologies are present, using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). A combination of limb and trunk mounted IMUs were used for this study, and the data was synchronised with a force plate array and motion capture system. The results indicate that IMUs, especially when mounted on the distal limbs and sacrum, can be an effective tool in accurately detecting gait events in horses.

Study Design

  • The researchers hypothesised that gait events such as hoof-on/off and stance in horses can be accurately and precisely detected using features from IMUs mounted on the trunk and distal limbs.
  • For this purpose, four IMUs were attached to the distal limb and five were attached on the trunk, specifically over the dorsal spinous processes at the withers, the fourth lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and left and right tuber coxae.
  • The data collected from these IMUs were then synchronised with a force plate array and a motion capture system for a comprehensive analysis.

Methodology and Assessment

  • The testing was carried out on seven horses. The gait events of these horses were recorded and analysed.
  • The detection timings from the force plate and IMUs were compared for their accuracy (bias) and precision (SD of bias).
  • The analysis included 123 front limb steps and 119 hind limb steps.

Findings

  • In the case of front limb hoof-on detection, the bias (SD) was -7 (23) ms, for hoof-off it was 0.7 (37) ms, and for front limb stance, it was -0.02 (37) ms.
  • For the hind limb, hoof-on was detected with a bias (SD) of -4 (25) ms, hoof-off with 6 (21) ms, and hind limb stance with 0.2 (28) ms.
  • The findings from the study indicate that the IMUs when attached to the distal limbs and sacrum can accurately and precisely detect gait events in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Olsen E, Andersen PH, Pfau T. (2012). Accuracy and precision of equine gait event detection during walking with limb and trunk mounted inertial sensors. Sensors (Basel), 12(6), 8145-8156. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120608145

Publication

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 1424-8220
NlmUniqueID: 101204366
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 6
Pages: 8145-8156

Researcher Affiliations

Olsen, Emil
  • Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark. eo@life.ku.dk
Andersen, Pia Haubro
    Pfau, Thilo

      MeSH Terms

      • Algorithms
      • Animals
      • Biosensing Techniques / instrumentation
      • Female
      • Forelimb / physiology
      • Gait / physiology
      • Hindlimb / physiology
      • Horses / physiology
      • Male
      • Torso / physiology
      • Walking / physiology

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      This article has been cited 23 times.
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