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Equine veterinary journal2026; doi: 10.1002/evj.70338

Antimicrobial stewardship priorities and prescribing in Australian equine practice.

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health crisis that needs to be addressed by all areas of human and animal health sectors to safeguard effective antibiotics into the future. Understanding current antimicrobial prescribing patterns and veterinary antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) priorities is crucial for effective stewardship program design and sustainable uptake. Objective: To identify focus areas for stewardship interventions, implementation, resource allocation, and future campaign targets for equine practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study of equine veterinarians in Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of equine veterinarians attending equine conferences and meetings in Australia was conducted. A combination of closed-ended questions and free-text responses were used to obtain perspectives, priorities and antimicrobial prescribing behaviours of equine veterinarians in Australia. Descriptive statistics were computed, with percentages reported as the proportion of respondents answering each question. Results: There were 103 responses, 85 of which were complete, from equine veterinarians across a broad range of sectors and levels of experience. Results indicate that equine veterinarians are overwhelmingly in favour of adopting AMS programs that have been developed for equine practice. Respondents consider unnecessary antimicrobial use and use of high importance antimicrobials when lower importance alternatives may be equally effective to be key targets. Mixed practice veterinarians showed an interest in client-facing resources, particularly those addressing wound management and reproduction. There was a lack of consensus among participants regarding when to stop antimicrobials in the treatment of equine pneumonia. Conclusions: The sample size of this study was small, consequently, the study was underpowered for formal inferential comparisons between subgroups. Selection and response bias need to be considered especially since participants were recruited during an equine conference. Conclusions: This study serves to inform focus areas for stewardship interventions, including high-importance antimicrobial use, equine-specific antimicrobial prescribing guidelines, client-facing educational resources and guidance on antimicrobial duration for equine pneumonia, to improve stewardship efforts of equine veterinarians.
© 2026 The Author(s). Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2026-10-05 PubMed ID: 42833645DOI: 10.1002/evj.70338Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study examines antimicrobial prescribing behaviors and stewardship priorities among Australian equine veterinarians.
  • It aims to identify key focus areas for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions to promote responsible antibiotic use in equine practice.

Introduction and Background

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat affecting humans and animals.
  • Effective antibiotic use across all health sectors, including veterinary medicine, is crucial to reduce AMR development.
  • Understanding current prescribing habits and stewardship priorities in veterinary practice is essential to design effective AMS programs.
  • This study focuses on equine veterinarians in Australia, an important sector due to the frequent use of antimicrobials in horses.

Study Objectives

  • Identify key areas for AMS interventions in equine veterinary practice.
  • Determine priorities for future stewardship campaigns and resource allocation.
  • Explore prescribing behaviors and perspectives across different types of equine veterinarians.

Methods

  • A cross-sectional survey was conducted targeting equine veterinarians at conferences and meetings in Australia.
  • Survey format included closed-ended questions and free-text responses to capture quantitative data and qualitative insights.
  • Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses, presenting proportions of participants agreeing or focusing on various stewardship themes.

Participants

  • A total of 103 veterinarians responded, with 85 complete responses analyzed.
  • Participants represented a broad range of sectors within equine veterinary practice and varied levels of professional experience.
  • The sample likely includes specialists focused on equine care as well as mixed practice veterinarians (those treating horses alongside other animals).

Key Findings

  • General Attitude Toward AMS: Most veterinarians expressed strong support for implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs tailored to equine practice.
  • Priority Targets for Stewardship:
    • Reducing unnecessary antimicrobial use in horses.
    • Restricting use of high-importance antimicrobials when equally effective lower-importance alternatives are available.
  • Client-Facing Resource Needs:
    • Mixed practice vets showed particular interest in educational materials for clients.
    • Key topics included wound management and reproductive health to guide appropriate antimicrobial use.
  • Uncertainty in Treatment Duration:
    • There was no consensus on appropriate duration for antimicrobial treatment in equine pneumonia cases.
    • This suggests a critical gap needing clear clinical guidelines to promote judicious use.

Limitations

  • Sample size was relatively small (85 complete responses), limiting statistical power for subgroup comparisons.
  • Selection bias is possible because participants were recruited at equine conferences, potentially skewing responses toward more engaged or specialized veterinarians.
  • Response bias may also affect results, as those interested in AMS may be more likely to participate.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study identifies important focus areas for future stewardship efforts in Australian equine veterinary medicine:
    • Reducing use of high-priority antimicrobials when alternatives exist.
    • Developing equine-specific antimicrobial prescribing guidelines to standardize therapy.
    • Creating client education resources to support appropriate antimicrobial use in contexts like wound care and reproduction.
    • Providing clear guidance on duration of treatment for conditions like equine pneumonia.
  • These insights can inform the allocation of resources and design of AMS interventions aimed at improving antimicrobial use and mitigating resistance risks in equine health.
  • Further research with larger, more representative samples is needed to validate and expand these findings.

Cite This Article

APA
Lambert HV, Gilkerson JR, Hii AW, Sri AE, Scarborough RO, Bailey KE, Hardefeldt LY. (2026). Antimicrobial stewardship priorities and prescribing in Australian equine practice. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1002/evj.70338

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Lambert, Holly Victoria
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Disease, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Gilkerson, James Rudkin
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Disease, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Hii, Amy Wei-Ping
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Sri, Anna Ellen
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Scarborough, Ri Olivia
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Bailey, Kirsten Erin
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Disease, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Hardefeldt, Laura Yvonne
  • Centre for Equine Infectious Disease, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Veterinary of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.

Grant Funding

  • 2035367 / National Health and Medical Research Council
  • Melbourne Research Scholarship, University of Melbourne

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