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The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice2019; 35(2); 379-398; doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.04.001

Are There Shared Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Different Clinical Forms of Laminitis and What Are the Implications for Prevention and Treatment?

Abstract: Laminitis is a consequence of primary disease processes elsewhere in the body. The key pathophysiologic events are insulin dysregulation in endocrinopathic laminitis, ischemia in supporting limb laminitis, and inflammation in sepsis-related laminitis. These apparently disparate mechanisms converge to cause lamellar attachment failure through epithelial cell adhesion loss and stretch, possibly mediated by common growth factor signaling pathways. Tissue damage through mechanical distraction, inflammation, pain, and a proliferative epithelial healing response are features of acute laminitis regardless of the cause. Preventive and treatment strategies based on knowledge of these unique and common mechanistic events are likely to improve clinical outcomes.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2019-05-22 PubMed ID: 31126692DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.04.001Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research discusses the common mechanisms in the development of different clinical forms of a disease known as laminitis and its implications for effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Pathophysiology of Laminitis

Laminitis is a disease that is often a result of primary diseases in other parts of the body. The article identifies three key events in the pathophysiology of the disease:

  • Insulin dysregulation in the case of endocrinopathic laminitis
  • Ischemia (inadequate blood supply) in supporting limb laminitis
  • Inflammation in sepsis-related laminitis

Although these events seem to have differing causes, the findings suggest that they all lead to shoe failure in the lamellar attachment due to epithelial cell adhesion loss and stretch. These processes could be facilitated by specific common growth factor signaling pathways.

Features of Acute Laminitis

The research discusses certain characteristics common to acute laminitis regardless of the cause. These include:

  • Tissue damage resulting from mechanical distraction
  • Inflammation
  • Pain
  • A proliferative healing response by epithelial cells

    • Prevention and Treatment Strategies

    The understanding of the unique and common mechanisms that cause laminitis can inform preventive and treatment strategies. Such strategies, informed by the knowledge of these events, are likely to lead to improved clinical outcomes. The research thereby concludes that shared mechanisms in different clinical forms of laminitis, and their implications have a significant role to play in disease management.

Cite This Article

APA
van Eps AW, Burns TA. (2019). Are There Shared Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Different Clinical Forms of Laminitis and What Are the Implications for Prevention and Treatment? Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 35(2), 379-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2019.04.001

Publication

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice
ISSN: 1558-4224
NlmUniqueID: 8511904
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Pages: 379-398

Researcher Affiliations

van Eps, Andrew W
  • Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA. Electronic address: vaneps@vet.upenn.edu.
Burns, Teresa A
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon Tharp Street, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Foot Diseases / physiopathology
  • Foot Diseases / veterinary
  • Hoof and Claw / physiopathology
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Horse Diseases / physiopathology
  • Horses
  • Inflammation / physiopathology
  • Inflammation / veterinary

Citations

This article has been cited 11 times.
  1. Castro-Mesa AF, Resende Faleiros R, Martínez-Aranzales JR. Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Quantitative Findings-Part 2. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 11;13(14).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13142267pubmed: 37508045google scholar: lookup
  2. Hobbs K, Luethy D, Davis J, Mallicote M, Torcivia C, Kulp J, Stefanovski D, Futterman C, Cooper F, van Eps A. The effects of orally administered trazodone on ambulation and recumbency in healthy horses. J Vet Intern Med 2023 Sep-Oct;37(5):1899-1906.
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  3. Castro-Mesa AF, Resende Faleiros R, Martínez-Aranzales JR. Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Qualitative Findings-Part 1. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jun 10;13(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ani13121951pubmed: 37370461google scholar: lookup
  4. Aoun R, Charles I, DeRouen A, Takawira C, Lopez MJ. Shoe configuration effects on third phalanx and capsule motion of unaffected and laminitic equine hooves in-situ. PLoS One 2023;18(5):e0285475.
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    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16662pubmed: 36840365google scholar: lookup
  6. Sundberg JP, Galantino-Homer H, Fairfield H, Ward-Bailey PF, Harris BS, Berry M, Pratt CH, Gott NE, Bechtold LS, Kaplan PR, Durbin-Johnson BP, Rocke DM, Rice RH. Witch Nails (Krt90whnl): A spontaneous mouse mutation affecting nail growth and development. PLoS One 2022;17(11):e0277284.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277284pubmed: 36374931google scholar: lookup
  7. Senderska-Płonowska M, Siwińska N, Zak-Bochenek A, Rykała M, Słowikowska M, Madej JP, Kaleta-Kuratewicz K, Niedźwiedź A. The Differences in Histoarchitecture of Hoof Lamellae between Obese and Lean Draft Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jul 11;12(14).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12141774pubmed: 35883323google scholar: lookup
  8. Lovett AL, Gilliam LL, Sykes BW, McFarlane D. Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls. J Vet Intern Med 2022 May;36(3):1131-1138.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.16421pubmed: 35429197google scholar: lookup
  9. Montgomery JB, Klein M, Boire JR, Beck C, Häusermann D, Maksimenko A, Hall CJ. Synchrotron CT of an equine digit at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging and Medical Beamline. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021 Nov 1;28(Pt 6):1769-1777.
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  10. Seidel SRT, de Souza AF, Fülber J, Bogossian PM, Rodrigues NNP, Baccarin RYA. Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma applied in the coronary band of healthy equine hooves. Can Vet J 2021 Jul;62(7):729-735.
    pubmed: 34219782
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