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Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 226; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00226

Asymmetrical Pulmonary Cytokine Profiles Are Linked to Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology of Horses With Mild Airway Neutrophilia.

Abstract: Few data on cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) are available for racehorses with mild/moderate equine asthma (EA); cytological diagnosis being most frequently made from only one lung. The purpose of the study was to compare cytokine mRNA expressions and protein concentrations in BALF from both lungs. As part of a larger study, 250 ml saline was randomly instilled in one lung and 500 ml in the contralateral lung of 30 clinically healthy Standardbred racehorses. This procedure was repeated 72 h later, inversing the volume per lung. Cytological cut-off values for diagnosis of mild EA was neutrophil proportions > 10% when instilling 250 ml. Eleven horses that exhibited unilateral mild inflammatory cytology [i.e., normal cytology (<10% neutrophils) in the other lung] were enrolled. Protein concentrations were not significantly different between lungs, for any of the investigated cytokines. Relative mRNA expression of IL-1β (3.887 ± 0.929) and IL-10 (3.225 ± 0.516) were significantly higher in BALF from mild inflammatory lungs when compared with non-inflammatory ones (1.408 ± 0.337 and 1.488 ± 0.420, respectively); and also significantly correlated with neutrophil proportions ( = 0.45 and = 0.58, respectively). These findings suggest that specific inflammatory response and/or regulation locally occurs within the lower airways.
Copyright © 2020 Hue, Orard, Toquet, Depecker, Couroucé, Pronost, Paillot and Richard.
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Publication Date: 2020-04-24 PubMed ID: 32391392PubMed Central: PMC7193537DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00226Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores how certain immune response proteins (cytokines) in the lung fluid of healthy racehorses may be linked to mild lung inflammation. The study found that higher expression of specific cytokines correlated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in one lung, suggesting a localized inflammatory response in the lower airways.

Context and Purpose of the Study

  • The study is centered on understanding the profiles of cytokines, which are critical to the healthy and defense-related functioning of the immune system, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of racehorses with mild to moderate equine asthma (EA).
  • Up until now, diagnosis of EA has primarily relied on the cytology (cell study) of just one lung, with limited data on cytokine profiles in BALF.
  • The goal of this research was to compare cytokine mRNA expressions and protein concentrations in BALF from both lungs in the context of mild EA.

Methodology

  • The researchers used 30 clinically healthy Standardbred racehorses for this study.
  • Saline solution was instilled in one lung (250ml randomly) and in the other lung (500ml), and this process was repeated 72 hours later, switching the saline volume per lung.
  • Horses that showed a unilateral (affecting one side only) mild inflammatory cytology were further studied.
  • Mild inflammatory cytology was defined as having a greater than 10% neutrophil proportion when 250 ml of saline was instilled. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that is produced more when the body is fighting an infection or inflammation.

Findings

  • No significant differences were found in the protein concentrations for any of the investigated cytokines between lungs.
  • However, there was a significant increase in relative mRNA expression (indicating higher production) for two specific cytokines, IL-1β and IL-10, in the BALF from the mildly inflamed lungs compared to the non-inflamed ones.
  • These cytokine expressions also positively correlated with neutrophil proportions, suggesting a specific local inflammatory response within the lower airways.

Implication

  • This study provides valuable insights related to the localized inflammatory response in the lower airways of horses affected by mild EA, and the involvement of specific cytokines in this response.
  • These findings may contribute to improving the diagnosis and management strategies for equine asthma in racehorses, by taking both lungs’ cytokine profiles into account and understanding the role of specific cytokines in inflammation.

Cite This Article

APA
Hue E, Orard M, Toquet MP, Depecker M, Couroucé A, Pronost S, Paillot R, Richard EA. (2020). Asymmetrical Pulmonary Cytokine Profiles Are Linked to Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology of Horses With Mild Airway Neutrophilia. Front Vet Sci, 7, 226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00226

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 226
PII: 226

Researcher Affiliations

Hue, Erika
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France.
  • Normandie Université, Unicaen, BIOTARGEN, Saint-Contest, France.
Orard, Marie
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France.
  • Normandie Université, Unicaen, BIOTARGEN, Saint-Contest, France.
Toquet, Marie-Pierre
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France.
  • Normandie Université, Unicaen, BIOTARGEN, Saint-Contest, France.
Depecker, Marianne
  • LUNAM Université, Oniris, NP3, Nantes, France.
Couroucé, Anne
  • LUNAM Université, Oniris, NP3, Nantes, France.
Pronost, Stéphane
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France.
  • Normandie Université, Unicaen, BIOTARGEN, Saint-Contest, France.
Paillot, Romain
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France.
  • Normandie Université, Unicaen, BIOTARGEN, Saint-Contest, France.
Richard, Eric A
  • LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Caen, France.
  • Normandie Université, Unicaen, BIOTARGEN, Saint-Contest, France.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Woodrow JS, Sheats MK, Cooper B, Bayless R. Asthma: The Use of Animal Models and Their Translational Utility. Cells 2023 Apr 5;12(7).
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