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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(18); 2485; doi: 10.3390/ani12182485

Bilateral Change in Vertical Hoof Force Distribution in Horses with Unilateral Forelimb Lameness before and after Successful Diagnostic Anaesthesia.

Abstract: Kinetic examinations of horses with induced lameness as well as the effect of perineural anaesthesia in sound horses have shown promise, but clinical studies regarding the effect of diagnostic anaesthesia during the different stance phases are rare. Fourteen horses with unilateral forelimb lameness were examined with the Hoof™ System during trot to assess vertical force distribution (in kg) affecting both front hooves before and after diagnostic anaesthesia during landing, midstance, and breakover. For statistical analysis, a covariance analysis with repeated measurements regarding the limb (lame/sound) as well as anaesthesia (before/after) and the covariable body weight was performed. The p-values for the pairwise comparisons were adjusted using the Bonferroni−Holm correction (p < 0.05). For all phases of the stance, a significant interaction between the factors limb and anaesthesia was shown. Before diagnostic anaesthesia, vertical force was significantly reduced on the lame limb compared to the sound limb during landing (−25%, p < 0.001), midstance (−20%, p < 0.001) and breakover (−27%, p < 0.001). After anaesthesia, the difference between both forelimbs was not significant anymore for all phases. The vertical force on the lame limb increased significantly after positive anaesthesia during the whole stance phase, with breakover being most affected (+27%, p = 0.001). Pressure measurements with the Hoof™ System can be used to evaluate the effect of diagnostic anaesthesia in a clinical setting with pain-related vertical force asymmetries being neutralised after diagnostic anaesthesia. Breakover is the main event influenced by lameness.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-19 PubMed ID: 36139345PubMed Central: PMC9495122DOI: 10.3390/ani12182485Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research evaluates how the force distribution in a horse’s front hooves changes before and after anaesthesia in horses that have unilateral forelimb lameness, revealing that the difference in vertical force on the lame and sound limb is no longer significant after diagnostic anaesthesia.

Study Details

  • The study involved fourteen horses with unilateral forelimb lameness.
  • These horses were examined using the Hoof™ System while trotting. This helped to assess vertical force distribution (force exerted downward on an object due to gravity) impacting both front hooves before and after diagnostic anaesthesia.
  • The stages studied during trotting included landing, midstance, and breakover (end of a stride when the toe is the last part of the horse to leave the ground).
  • Statistical analysis was conducted using a covariance analysis. This analysis paid attention to the condition of the limb (whether lame or sound) as well as the anaesthesia’s timing (before or after) and accounted for the potential effect of body weight.
  • Statistical significance was determined, with the p-value for comparisons being adjusted using the Bonferroni−Holm correction method. A finding was deemed significant if p < 0.05.

Key Findings

  • The study indicates that there is a substantial interaction between the factors of limb condition and anaesthesia in all trotting stages.
  • Before diagnostic anaesthesia, there was a significant reduction of vertical force on the lame limb when compared to the sound limb during landing, midstance and breakover.
  • Following anaesthesia, the difference in vertical force between both forelimbs was no longer significant, indicating that the lameness impact was neutralised. Vertical force on the lame limb significantly increased after positive anaesthesia across all stages of trotting.
  • The study highlights that the breakover phase was the most affected by lameness, showing a significant force increase of 27% after anaesthesia, deemed a statistically significant finding with p = 0.001.

Conclusion

  • The research concluded that pressure measurements with the Hoof™ System can effectively evaluate the impact of diagnostic anaesthesia in a clinical setting. Notably, the system helped identify how pain-related vertical force asymmetries were neutralised after diagnostic anaesthesia.
  • The study emphasized that breakover is the main event influenced by lameness, suggesting that focusing on this stage could be crucial in understanding and treating equine lameness.

Cite This Article

APA
Hoffmann JR, Geburek F, Hagen J, Büttner K, Cruz AM, Röcken M. (2022). Bilateral Change in Vertical Hoof Force Distribution in Horses with Unilateral Forelimb Lameness before and after Successful Diagnostic Anaesthesia. Animals (Basel), 12(18), 2485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182485

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 18
PII: 2485

Researcher Affiliations

Hoffmann, Johanna R
  • Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Geburek, Florian
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Hagen, Jenny
  • Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Büttner, Kathrin
  • Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Cruz, Antonio M
  • Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Röcken, Michael
  • Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopaedics), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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