Characterization of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Islets Cells and Intestinal Epithelial Cells Isolated from Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Horses.
Abstract: Endocrine disorders are becoming an increasing problem in both human and veterinary medicine. In recent years, more and more horses worldwide have been suffering from equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). This metabolic disorder is characterized by pathological obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Although metabolic disorders, including diabetes, have been extensively studied, there are still no data on the molecular effects of EMS in horses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy and microRNA (miR) expression in multipotent intestinal epithelial stem cells (IECs) and pancreatic islets (PIs) isolated post mortem form healthy and EMS diagnosed horses. Our group was the first to describe how EMS affects IEC and PI aging and senescence. First, we evaluated isolation and culture protocol for these cells and subsequently established their metabolic status in vitro. Both IECs and PIs isolated from EMS horses were characterized by increased apoptosis and senescence. Moreover, they accumulated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we have observed that autophagy/mitophagy may be a protective mechanism which allows those cells to maintain their physiological function, clear protein aggregates and remove damaged organelles. Furthermore, it may play a crucial role in reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This protective mechanism may help to overcome the harmful effects of ROS and provide building blocks for protein and ATP synthesis.
Publication Date: 2018-10-08 PubMed ID: 30297648PubMed Central: PMC6212973DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103068Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study aims to understand the molecular effects of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), a disorder affecting horses, characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, and insulin resistance, specifically focusing on the impacts on intestinal epithelial cells and pancreatic islets. The researchers observed significantly increased cell damage (apoptosis) and age-related deterioration (senescence) in these cells, along with the accumulation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). They also suggested that autophagy could function as a protective mechanism, helping to clear damaging protein aggregates and or damaged organelles in cells affected by EMS.
Objective of the Research
- The study aimed to investigate the impact of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) on the health and behavior of multipotent intestinal epithelial stem cells (IECs) and pancreatic islets (PIs), two types of cells crucial to digestion and metabolism in healthy and EMS-afflicted horses.
Research Methodology
- The researchers first established a protocol for isolating and culturing these cells and then assessed their metabolic status in a controlled lab environment.
- The isolated IECs and PIs from horses diagnosed with EMS were compared to cells isolated from healthy horses to measure the effects of EMS on these cells at a molecular level.
Key Findings
- The team found that cells from EMS horses displayed an increased rate of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and senescence (age-related deterioration), characteristics associated with the disease condition.
- The EMS-affected cells also exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), molecules that can induce cellular damage and are generally markers of increased oxidative stress.
Implications of the Study
- The study highlights the role of autophagy, a cellular recycling process, as a key protective mechanism for cells affected by EMS. This process enables cells to remove damaged organelles or protein aggregates, thus maintaining their physiological functions.
- This research enhances our understanding of EMS at a molecular level, which could inform future therapeutic strategies for the disease. While these findings are specific to horses, the insights gained could have implications for understanding similar metabolic disorders in humans.
Cite This Article
APA
Kornicka K, Śmieszek A, Szłapka-Kosarzewska J, Irwin Houston JM, Roecken M, Marycz K.
(2018).
Characterization of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Islets Cells and Intestinal Epithelial Cells Isolated from Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) Horses.
Int J Mol Sci, 19(10), 3068.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103068 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. kornicka.katarzyna@gmail.com.
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. smieszek.agnieszka@gmail.com.
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. jolanta.szlapka@gmail.com.
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. d.weiss@horsedoc.ch.
- PferdePraxis Dr. Med. Vet. Daniel Weiss, Postmatte 14, CH-8807 Freienbach, Switzerland. d.weiss@horsedoc.ch.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic-Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. MRoecken@t-online.de.
- Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. krzysztofmarycz@interia.pl.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic-Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany. krzysztofmarycz@interia.pl.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Senescence
- Horse Diseases / metabolism
- Horses
- Insulin-Secreting Cells / metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells / pathology
- Intestinal Mucosa / metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa / pathology
- Metabolic Syndrome / metabolism
- Metabolic Syndrome / veterinary
- Oxidative Stress
Grant Funding
- 2016/21/B/NZ7/01111 / Narodowe Centrum Nauki
- 2015/18/E/NZ9/00607 / Narodowym Centrum Nauki
- 2014-2018 / Krajowy Naukowy Osrodek Wiodacy
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Bourebaba L, Serwotka-Suszczak A, Pielok A, Sikora M, Mularczyk M, Marycz K. The PTP1B inhibitor MSI-1436 ameliorates liver insulin sensitivity by modulating autophagy, ER stress and systemic inflammation in Equine metabolic syndrome affected horses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:1149610.
- Orzoł D, Kępska M, Zyzak M. Orientin Reverses Premature Senescence in Equine Adipose Stromal Cells Affected by Equine Metabolic Syndrome Through Oxidative Stress Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2025 Jul 17;26(14).
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