Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy.
Abstract: Equine myeloencephalopathy (EHM), an uncommon manifestation of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection, can cause devastating losses on individual farms, boarding stables, veterinary hospitals, and show and racing venues. An improved understanding of EHM has emerged from experimental studies and from data collected during field outbreaks at riding schools, racetracks, horse shows, and veterinary hospitals throughout North America and Europe. These outbreaks have highlighted the contagious nature of EHV-1 and have prompted a reevaluation of diagnostic procedures, treatment modalities, preventative measures, and biosecurity protocols for this disease. This article focuses on recent data related to the cause, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of EHV-1 infection with emphasis on EHM.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2014-10-07 PubMed ID: 25300635DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.08.006Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Biosecurity
- Diagnosis
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Transmission
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Herpesvirus
- Herd Management
- Horses
- Immune Response
- Infectious Disease
- Pathogenesis
- Public Health
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The study discusses Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection, in particular focusing on its relatively rare but severe manifestation, Equine Myeloencephalopathy (EHM). The research aims to analyze and illustrate the cause, symptoms, immunity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease, incorporating findings from both laboratory investigations and real-world outbreaks.
Understanding EHV-1 and EHM
- Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is a widespread virus that affects horses. Despite it being common, its manifestation as Equine Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is infrequent. Nonetheless, when it does occur, it can cause severe damage at a range of equine facilities, including individual farms, boarding stables, veterinary hospitals, and show and racing venues.
Findings from Studies and Outbreaks
- These findings are a result of collective data from both experimental studies conducted in a laboratory setting and prevalent outbreaks observed in riding schools, race tracks, horse shows, and veterinary hospitals in North America and Europe.
- These outbreaks have underscored the highly infectious nature of the EHV-1 virus and have called for a reassessment of the current diagnostic procedures, treatment methods, preventative measures, and biosecurity protocols for this disease.
Objectives of the Study
- The study particularly concentrates on providing latest data regarding the cause, the way it spreads (epidemiology), the process of development (pathogenesis) of EHV-1 infection and its potent focus on EHM.
- Additionally, it outlines approaches towards diagnosing the infection, possible treatments, immunity development and ways to prevent further outbreaks.
Cite This Article
APA
Pusterla N, Hussey GS.
(2014).
Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 30(3), 489-506.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2014.08.006 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: npusterla@ucdavis.edu.
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Europe / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / therapy
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / therapy
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- North America / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- Black JB, Frampton AR. Anti-inflammatory compounds reduce equine herpesvirus type 1 replication and cell-to-cell spread.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1165917.
- Pusterla N, Barnum S, Young A, Mendonsa E, Lee S, Hankin S, Brittner S, Finno CJ. Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing.. Pathogens 2022 Jun 24;11(7).
- Vandenberghe E, Boshuizen B, Delesalle CJG, Goehring LS, Groome KA, van Maanen K, de Bruijn CM. New Insights into the Management of an EHV-1 (Equine Hospital) Outbreak.. Viruses 2021 Jul 22;13(8).
- Pusterla N, Barnum S, Miller J, Varnell S, Dallap-Schaer B, Aceto H, Simeone A. Investigation of an EHV-1 Outbreak in the United States Caused by a New H(752) Genotype.. Pathogens 2021 Jun 13;10(6).
- Zarski LM, Giessler KS, Jacob SI, Weber PSD, McCauley AG, Lee Y, Soboll Hussey G. Identification of Host Factors Associated with the Development of Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy by Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Horses.. Viruses 2021 Feb 24;13(3).
- Gomez DE, Arroyo LG, Lillie B, Weese JS. Nasal bacterial microbiota during an outbreak of equine herpesvirus 1 at a farm in southern Ontario.. Can J Vet Res 2021 Jan;85(1):3-11.
- Câmara RJF, Bueno BL, Resende CF, Balasuriya UBR, Sakamoto SM, Reis JKPD. Viral Diseases that Affect Donkeys and Mules.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 25;10(12).
- Boorman S, Scherrer NM, Stefanovski D, Johnson AL. Facial nerve paralysis in 64 equids: Clinical variables, diagnosis, and outcome.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 May;34(3):1308-1320.
- Dunuwille WMB, YousefiMashouf N, Balasuriya UBR, Pusterla N, Bailey E. Genome-wide association study for host genetic factors associated with equine herpesvirus type-1 induced myeloencephalopathy.. Equine Vet J 2020 Nov;52(6):794-798.
- Schnabel CL, Babasyan S, Rollins A, Freer H, Wimer CL, Perkins GA, Raza F, Osterrieder N, Wagner B. An Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Ab4 Open Reading Frame 2 Deletion Mutant Provides Immunity and Protection from EHV-1 Infection and Disease.. J Virol 2019 Nov 15;93(22).
- Holz CL, Sledge DG, Kiupel M, Nelli RK, Goehring LS, Soboll Hussey G. Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses.. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:59.
- Wimer CL, Schnabel CL, Perkins G, Babasyan S, Freer H, Stout AE, Rollins A, Osterrieder N, Goodman LB, Glaser A, Wagner B. The deletion of the ORF1 and ORF71 genes reduces virulence of the neuropathogenic EHV-1 strain Ab4 without compromising host immunity in horses.. PLoS One 2018;13(11):e0206679.
- Marenzoni ML, Santoni L, Felici A, Maresca C, Stefanetti V, Sforna M, Franciosini MP, Casagrande Proietti P, Origgi FC. Clinical, virological and epidemiological characterization of an outbreak of Testudinid Herpesvirus 3 in a chelonian captive breeding facility: Lessons learned and first evidence of TeHV3 vertical transmission.. PLoS One 2018;13(5):e0197169.
- Wardle R, Pullman JA, Haldenby S, Ressel L, Pope M, Clegg PD, Radford A, Stewart JP, Al-Saadi M, Dyer P, Peffers MJ. Identification of Equid herpesvirus 2 in tissue-engineered equine tendon.. Wellcome Open Res 2017;2:60.
- Cymerys J, Słońska A, Tucholska A, Golke A, Chmielewska A, Bańbura MW. Influence of long-term equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection on primary murine neurons-the possible effects of the multiple passages of EHV-1 on its neurovirulence.. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018 Jan;63(1):1-11.
- Franz M, Goodman LB, Van de Walle GR, Osterrieder N, Greenwood AD. A Point Mutation in a Herpesvirus Co-Determines Neuropathogenicity and Viral Shedding.. Viruses 2017 Jan 10;9(1).
- Goodman LB, Anderson RR, Slater M, Ortenberg E, Renshaw RW, Chilson BD, Laverack MA, Beeby JS, Dubovi EJ, Glaser AL. High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR.. J Vis Exp 2016 Nov 28;(117).
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