The research article seeks to provide an all-encompassing guide for practitioners on the orbital and ocular anatomy of horses, the instruments accessible for examination, methodical examination techniques, sedation and nerve block procedures, and ocular diagnostic methods. The objective is to help professionals distinctly identify what is normal, normal variations, and abnormalities in the equine eye and orbit.

Ocular and Orbital Anatomy of Horses

• The study details the anatomy of horses’ eyes and their surroundings, which are referred to as the orbital and ocular anatomy. This knowledge is key to identifying anomalies or variations in the orbs of horses, which could indicate potential health issues.

Ophthalmic Examination Instrumentation

• In addition to understanding anatomy, the research sheds light on the tools practitioners can use in the examination process. These tools or instruments would be specifically designed or suitable for ocular assessment in horses.

Methodical Examination Technique

• The research provides a systematic approach to examining the equine eye and orbit, ensuring practitioners have a step-by-step guide to follow to enable a comprehensive examination. It ensures less chance of missing out on crucial details during the examination.

Sedation and Regional Nerve Blocks

• The document discusses sedation and nerve blocking methods that might be necessary during ocular examinations or procedures in horses. Sedation might be necessary to calm the horse and prevent discomfort during examination, while nerve blocks might be needed to numb certain areas where a procedure could potentially cause the horse pain.

Ocular Diagnostic Procedures

• The research provides information on diagnostic procedures specifically for the eye in horses. These procedures would be used to ascertain the root cause of any abnormality detected during the initial ocular examination.