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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vaccines (Basel) / Evaluation of Current Equine Influenza Vaccination Protocols...
Vaccines2020; 8(1); 107; doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010107

Evaluation of Current Equine Influenza Vaccination Protocols Prior to Shipment, Guided by OIE Standards.

Abstract: To facilitate the temporary importation of horses for competition and racing purposes, with a minimum risk of transmitting equine influenza, the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties, or OIE), formally engaged in a public-private partnership with the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) and the International Federation for Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) to establish, within the context of existing OIE standards, a science-based rationale to identify the ideal time period for equine influenza vaccination prior to shipment. Field trials using vaccines based on different technologies were carried out on three continents. The antibody response post-booster vaccination at intervals aligned with the different rules/recommendations of the OIE, FEI, and IFHA, was monitored by single radial haemolysis. It was determined that 14 days was the optimum period necessary to allow horses adequate time to respond to booster vaccination and for horses that have previously received four or more doses of vaccine and are older than four years, it is adequate to allow vaccination within 180 days of shipment. In contrast, the results indicate that there is a potential benefit to younger (four years old or younger) horses in requiring booster vaccination within 90 days of shipment, consistent with the current OIE standard.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-29 PubMed ID: 32121419PubMed Central: PMC7157717DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010107Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers conducted trials to find the most effective time period for vaccinating horses against equine influenza prior to their shipment for racing or competition purposes. They determined that a 14-day period was ideal post-booster vaccination and for horses that were older than four and had received more than four doses, vaccination within 180 days of shipment was adequate. However, for younger horses (four years old or under), a booster vaccination within 90 days of shipment was potentially beneficial.

Background

  • In order to ensure the safe temporary import of horses for competitions and races, a minimum risk of transmitting equine influenza needs to be assured. For this reason, the World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties, or OIE) partnered with the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) and the International Federation for Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) to determine the ideal time period for equine influenza vaccination prior to shipment.

Methodology

  • The partnership carried out field trials using different types of vaccines across three continents.
  • The trials focused on monitoring the antibody response after a booster vaccination at intervals that align with the OIE, FEI, and IFHA’s rules and recommendations.
  • The researchers used single radial haemolysis, a method that measures the ability of antibodies in a serum sample to react with antigen and form a circle of haemolysis (or bursting of red blood cells), to detect the antibody response.

Findings

  • The ideal time period post-booster vaccination was found to be 14 days. This gives the horse adequate time to produce a response to the booster vaccination.
  • For horses older than four years, which had previously received more than four vaccine doses, it was determined that vaccination within 180 days (roughly six months) prior to shipment was sufficient.
  • Contrariwise, results suggested a potential benefit for younger horses (aged four years or younger) in receiving a booster vaccination within 90 days of shipment. This finding was in line with the current OIE standard.

Significance

  • The findings of this research could inform and improve current vaccination protocols for equine influenza in the context of international horse importation for competition purposes.
  • This knowledge could help reduce the transmission risk of equine influenza during such events, thereby protecting the health of equine populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Cullinane A, Gahan J, Walsh C, Nemoto M, Entenfellner J, Olguin-Perglione C, Garvey M, Huang Fu TQ, Venner M, Yamanaka T, Barrandeguy M, Fernandez CJ. (2020). Evaluation of Current Equine Influenza Vaccination Protocols Prior to Shipment, Guided by OIE Standards. Vaccines (Basel), 8(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010107

Publication

Vaccines
ISSN: 2076-393X
NlmUniqueID: 101629355
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 1
PII: 107

Researcher Affiliations

Cullinane, Ann
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93 Johnstown, Ireland.
Gahan, Jacinta
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93 Johnstown, Ireland.
Walsh, Cathal
  • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
Nemoto, Manabu
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93 Johnstown, Ireland.
  • Equine Research Institute, the Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
Entenfellner, Johanna
  • Equine Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
Olguin-Perglione, Cecilia
  • Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Virología, De Los Reseros y Dr. Nicolás Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina.
Garvey, Marie
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare, W91 RH93 Johnstown, Ireland.
Huang Fu, Tao Qi
  • Centre for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Singapore.
Venner, Monica
  • Pferdeklinik Destedt GmbH, Destedt, Trift 4, 38162 Cremlingen, Germany.
Yamanaka, Takashi
  • Equine Research Institute, the Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
Barrandeguy, María
  • Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Champagnat 1599, Ruta Panamericana km 54.5 Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina.
Fernandez, Charlene Judith
  • Centre for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Professional and Scientific Services, Animal and Veterinary Service, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Singapore.

Grant Funding

  • AD/SR/2015/1885 2.3 / World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Epizooties or OIE), in a public-private partnership with the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) and the International Federation for Horseracing Authority (IFHA).

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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