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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Med (Auckl) / Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?
Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2016; 7; 133-148; doi: 10.2147/VMRR.S120421

Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now?

Abstract: As the Thoroughbreds race for the final stretch, 44 hooves flash and thunder creating a cacophony of tortured air and turf. Orchestrated by selective breeding for physiology and biomechanics, expressed as speed, the millennia-old symphony of man and beast reaches its climax. At nearly 73 kilometers per hour (45 mph) over half a ton of flesh and bone dwarfs its limpet-like jockey as, eyes wild and nostrils flaring, their necks stretch for glory. Beneath each resplendent livery-adorned, latherin-splattered coat hides a monstrous heart trilling at 4 beats per second, and each minute, driving over 400 L (105 gallons) of oxygen-rich blood from lungs to muscles. Matching breath to stride frequency, those lungs will inhale 16 L (4 gallons) of air each stride moving >1,000 L/min in and out of each nostril - and yet failing. Engorged with blood and stretched to breaking point, those lungs can no longer redden the arterial blood but leave it dusky and cyanotic. Their exquisitely thin blood-gas barrier, a mere 10.5 μm thick (1/50,000 of an inch), ruptures, and red cells invade the lungs. After the race is won and lost, long after the frenetic crowd has quieted and gone, that blood will clog and inflame the airways. For a few horses, those who bleed extensively, it will overflow their lungs and spray from their nostrils incarnadining the walls of their stall: a horrifically poignant canvas that strikes at horse racing's very core. That exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) occurs is a medical and physiological reality. That every reasonable exigency is not taken to reduce/prevent it would be a travesty. This review is not intended to provide an exhaustive coverage of EIPH for which the reader is referred to recent reviews, rather, after a brief reminder of its physiologic and pathologic bases, focus is brought on the latest developments in EIPH discovery as this informs state-of-the-art knowledge, the implementation of that knowledge and recommendations for future research and treatment.
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Publication Date: 2016-11-21 PubMed ID: 30050846PubMed Central: PMC6044800DOI: 10.2147/VMRR.S120421Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in horses, particularly Thoroughbreds, a health issue where intense physical activity leads to bleeding in the lungs. The focus is on recent advances in understanding and managing the condition, in view of ensuring healthier racing practices.

Understanding EIPH

  • The physiological and pathological basis of EIPH is discussed first in the article. This refers to the mechanics of the horse’s body during a race, including the intense heart rate along with substantial blood and oxygen flow from lungs to muscles.
  • Engaging in intense races leads the horses’ lungs to engorge with blood to a breaking point where they can no longer oxygenate the incoming blood. An overworked horse’s blood may turn dusky or cyanotic due to the inadequate oxygen levels.
  • The thin walls of the pulmonary blood vessels in the horse’s lungs, just about 10.5 μm thick, often rupture due to the pressure, resulting in red blood cells leaking into the lungs. This leakage causes the pulmonary hemorrhage.

Impact on Horses

  • The medical reality of EIPH is undeniable and its occurrence is frequent in thoroughbred racing. Extensive bleeding can lead to a range of health problems for the horses, including blocking and inflaming the airways.
  • In certain severe cases, the overflow of blood might even lead to it spraying from the horse’s nostrils, a traumatizing sight that raises questions about the ethical implications of horse racing.

Moving Forward

  • The article calls into question the racing industry’s responsibility in preventing and reducing EIPH. The authors argue that not taking reasonable steps to manage the condition amounts to a travesty.
  • The study aims to bring attention to the research and understanding about EIPH developed in recent years. These advancements offer promising techniques and approaches for the treatment and prevention of EIPH.
  • The researchers emphasize the need for even more comprehensive research into EIPH to further improve its management and treatment.

In conclusion, the study is a call to action for the thoroughbred racing industry to address EIPH and ensure the health and welfare of the racing horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Poole DC, Erickson HH. (2016). Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: where are we now? Vet Med (Auckl), 7, 133-148. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S120421

Publication

Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
ISSN: 2230-2034
NlmUniqueID: 101724251
Country: New Zealand
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 133-148

Researcher Affiliations

Poole, David C
  • Department of Anatomy and Physiology, poole@vet.ksu.edu.
  • Department of Kinesiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA, poole@vet.ksu.edu.
Erickson, Howard H
  • Department of Anatomy and Physiology, poole@vet.ksu.edu.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

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Citations

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