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PloS one2018; 13(1); e0191873; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191873

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii among horses entering a veterinary teaching hospital: The contemporary “Trojan Horse”.

Abstract: Pathogens frequently associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from horses admitted to horse clinics, pose a risk for animal patients and personnel in horse clinics. To estimate current rates of colonization, a total of 341 equine patients were screened for carriage of zoonotic indicator pathogens at hospital admission. Horses showing clinical signs associated with colic (n = 233) or open wounds (n = 108) were selected for microbiological examination of nostril swabs, faecal samples and wound swabs taken from the open wound group. The results showed alarming carriage rates of Gram-negative MDR pathogens in equine patients: 10.7% (34 of 318) of validated faecal specimens were positive for ESBL-E (94%: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli), with recorded rates of 10.5% for the colic and 11% for the open wound group. 92.7% of the ESBL-producing E. coli were phenotypically resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials. A. baumannii was rarely detected (0.9%), and all faecal samples investigated were negative for Salmonella, both directly and after two enrichment steps. Screening results for the equine nostril swabs showed detection rates for ESBL-E of 3.4% among colic patients and 0.9% in the open wound group, with an average rate of 2.6% (9/340) for both indications. For all 41 ESBL-producing E. coli isolated, a broad heterogeneity was revealed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and whole genome sequencing (WGS) -analysis. However, a predominance of sequence type complex (STC)10 and STC1250 was observed, including several novel STs. The most common genes associated with ESBL-production were identified as blaCTX-M-1 (31/41; 75.6%) and blaSHV-12 (24.4%). The results of this study reveal a disturbingly large fraction of multi-drug resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli among equine patients, posing a clear threat to established hygiene management systems and work-place safety of veterinary staff in horse clinics.
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Publication Date: 2018-01-30 PubMed ID: 29381714PubMed Central: PMC5790241DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191873Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the rate of carriage of multi-drug resistant pathogens, specifically extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, in horses admitted to a veterinary hospital. The researchers found an alarming rate of these pathogens in the studied equine population, posing a significant challenge to hospital hygiene and staff safety.

Study Background

  • The research focused on two major pathogenic bacteria: ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. These pathogens have been associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes and pose a potential risk to animal patients and workers in horse clinics. The high resistance of these bacteria to multiple classes of antibiotics makes it challenging to treat infections triggered by them.

Methodology

  • A total of 341 equine patients admitted to the hospital were screened for the presence of these pathogens. The researchers specifically selected horses showing clinical signs associated with colic or those with open wounds.
  • The researchers employed microbiological examination of nostril swabs, fecal samples, and wound swabs taken from the group with open wounds.

Results

  • The study offered alarming findings: 10.7% (34 out of 318) of validated fecal samples were positive for ESBL-E, with most being ESBL-producing E. coli.
  • Among these E. coli, 92.7% were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials, highlighting the extent of multi-drug resistance.
  • Acinetobacter baumannii was detected at a significantly lower rate of 0.9%, and no Salmonella was detected in any of the fecal samples.
  • Nostril swabs showed detection rates for ESBL-E of 3.4% among colic patients and 0.9% in the open wound group.
  • All ESBL-producing E. coli isolated were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and whole genome sequencing (WGS), revealing a broad heterogeneity of these bacteria.
  • The most common genes associated with ESBL-production were blaCTX-M-1 and blaSHV-12.

Conclusion

  • The findings painted an alarming picture of antibiotic resistance, revealing a large fraction of multi-drug resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli among equine patients.
  • This poses a clear threat to established hygiene management systems and workplace safety of veterinary staff in horse clinics, emphasizing the need for improved infection control protocols and possibly novel antibiotic strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Walther B, Klein KS, Barton AK, Semmler T, Huber C, Wolf SA, Tedin K, Merle R, Mitrach F, Guenther S, Lübke-Becker A, Gehlen H. (2018). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii among horses entering a veterinary teaching hospital: The contemporary “Trojan Horse”. PLoS One, 13(1), e0191873. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191873

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: e0191873

Researcher Affiliations

Walther, Birgit
  • Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
  • Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Klein, Katja-Sophia
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Barton, Ann-Kristin
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Semmler, Torsten
  • Microbial Genomics (NG1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Huber, Charlotte
  • Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Wolf, Silver Anthony
  • Microbial Genomics (NG1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Tedin, Karsten
  • Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Merle, Roswitha
  • Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Mitrach, Franziska
  • Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.
Guenther, Sebastian
  • Institute of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Germany.
  • Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst Moritz Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald Germany.
Lübke-Becker, Antina
  • Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Acinetobacter baumannii / genetics
  • Acinetobacter baumannii / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Genes, Bacterial
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Hospitals, Animal
  • Hospitals, Teaching
  • beta-Lactamases / biosynthesis

Conflict of Interest Statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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