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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase-Producing Enterobacteria...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2020; 10(2); 282; doi: 10.3390/ani10020282

Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Shedding in Farm Horses Versus Hospitalized Horses: Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Abstract: We aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular characteristics and risk factors of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (ESBL-E) shedding in horses. A prospective study included three cohorts: (i) farm horses (13 farms, n = 192); (ii) on hospital admission (n = 168) and; (iii) horses hospitalized for ≥72 h re-sampled from cohort (ii) (n = 86). Enriched rectal swabs were plated, ESBL-production was confirmed (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)) and genes were identified (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility were determined (Vitek-2). Medical records and owners' questionnaires were analyzed. Shedding rates increased from 19.6% (n = 33/168) on admission to 77.9% (n = 67/86) during hospitalization ( < 0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 12.12). Shedding rate in farms was 20.8% (n = 40/192), significantly lower compared to hospitalized horses ( < 0.0001). The main ESBL-E species (n = 192 isolates) were (59.9%, 115/192), sp. (17.7%, 34/192) and (13.0%, 25/192). The main gene group was CTX-M-1 (56.8%). A significant increase in resistance rates to chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulpha was identified during hospitalization. Risk factors for shedding in farms included breed (Arabian, OR = 3.9), sex (stallion, OR = 3.4), and antibiotic treatment (OR = 9.8). Older age was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.88). We demonstrated an ESBL-E reservoir in equine cohorts, with a significant ESBL-E acquisition, which increases the necessity to implement active surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programs.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-11 PubMed ID: 32054111PubMed Central: PMC7070874DOI: 10.3390/ani10020282Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research focuses on the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of a bacteria (extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae or ESBL-E) present in horses, showing a substantial increase in this bacteria in horses during hospitalization compared to horses on farms, and highlights some contributing factors.

Research Methodology

  • The study used a prospective design, involving three different groups of horses: farm horses (from 13 different farms, total 192 horses), horses upon hospital admission (168 horses), and horses who had been hospitalized for at least 72 hours, re-sampled from the previous cohort (86 horses).
  • To test for the bacteria, rectal swabs from the horses were enriched and plated. ESBL-production was confirmed using standards from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The specific genes involved were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a widely-used method for making multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA.
  • The researchers determined the type of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics using an automated microbial system called Vitek-2.
  • Medical records from each horse, as well as questionnaires completed by their owners, were also analyzed as part of the data collection process.

Key Findings

  • The study found a significant increase in the rates of ESBL-E shedding from point of admission (19.6%) to during hospitalization at 72 hours or more (77.9%), indicating that prolonged hospital stays may be associated with an increased risk of bacterial shedding.
  • The rate of shedding in farm horses was found to be 20.8%, which was significantly lower than in hospitalized horses.
  • Of the 192 bacterial isolates identified, the majority were Escherichia coli (59.9%), followed by Klebsiella species (17.7%), and Proteus (13.0%).
  • The study identified the main gene group responsible as CTX-M-1 (56.8%), which is a major type of ESBL gene group.
  • Bacteria’s resistance rates to various antibiotics (chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim-sulpha) were shown to increase significantly during hospitalization.

Risk Factors and Protective Measures

  • In terms of risk factors, certain breeds (Arabian), sex (stallions), and antibiotic treatment were found to be associated with higher rates of shedding in farm horses.
  • Older age was identified as a protective factor, with its odds ratio suggesting that for each year increase in age, the risk of ESBL-E shedding decreased by around 12%.
  • The study concludes by signalling the importance of active surveillance and antibiotic stewardship programs in managing the risk and spread of ESBL-E shedding in equine cohorts.

Cite This Article

APA
Shnaiderman-Torban A, Navon-Venezia S, Dor Z, Paitan Y, Arielly H, Ahmad WA, Kelmer G, Fulde M, Steinman A. (2020). Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Shedding in Farm Horses Versus Hospitalized Horses: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Animals (Basel), 10(2), 282. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020282

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
PII: 282

Researcher Affiliations

Shnaiderman-Torban, Anat
  • Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Navon-Venezia, Shiri
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
  • The Miriam and Sheldon Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Dor, Ziv
  • Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
Paitan, Yossi
  • Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
  • Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel.
Arielly, Haia
  • Clinical Microbiology Lab, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel.
Ahmad, Wiessam Abu
  • Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
Kelmer, Gal
  • Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Fulde, Marcus
  • Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine at the Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany.
Steinman, Amir
  • Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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