Management Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Equines Contracting Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in the Western United States.
Abstract: Vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) cause a condition known as vesicular stomatitis (VS), which results in painful lesions in equines, cattle, swine, and camelids, and when transmitted to humans, can cause flu-like symptoms. When animal premises are affected by VS, they are subject to a quarantine. The equine industry more broadly may incur economic losses due to interruptions of animal trade and transportation to shows, competitions, and other events. Equine owners, barn managers, and veterinarians can take proactive measures to reduce the risk of equines contracting VS. To identify appropriate risk management strategies, it helps to understand which biting insects are capable of transmitting the virus to animals, and to identify these insect vectors' preferred habitats and behaviors. We make this area of science more accessible to equine owners, barn managers, and veterinarians, by (1) translating the most relevant scientific information about biting insect vectors of VSV and (2) identifying practical management strategies that might reduce the risk of equines contracting VSV from infectious biting insects or from other equines already infected with VSV. We address transmission risk at four different spatial scales-the animal, the barn/shelter, the barnyard/premises, and the surrounding environment/neighborhood-noting that a multiscale and spatially collaborative strategy may be needed to reduce the risk of VS.
Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication Date: 2020-04-14 PubMed ID: 32534788DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103026Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article focuses on identifying management strategies for reducing the risk of equines contracting Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in the western United States. The authors translate relevant scientific information about biting insect vectors of VSV and propose practical strategies to reduce the transmission of the virus in various environments.
Understanding Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV)
- VSV causes vesicular stomatitis (VS), a condition that results in painful lesions in equines, cattle, swine, and camelids. When transmitted to humans, it can also cause flu-like symptoms.
- Animals infected with VS are required to be quarantined. This can result in significant economic losses for the equine industry due to interruptions of animal trade and transportation for events such as shows and competitions.
Identifying Biting Insect Vectors for VSV
- The first step in managing the spread of VSV is understanding which biting insects can transmit the virus. The authors aim to make this scientific information more accessible to those involved in equine care.
- Another essential factor in managing the spread of VSV is identifying the preferred habitats and behaviors of these insect vectors. This information will allow for more targeted and effective pest control strategies.
Proposed Management Strategies
- The article identifies practical management strategies to minimize the risk of equines contracting VSV from infectious biting insects or from other equines already infected with VSV.
- These strategies address transmission risk at four different spatial scales: the individual animal, the barn/shelter where animals are housed, the entire barnyard/premises, and even the surrounding environment or neighborhood.
- The authors note that to effectively reduce the risk of VS, a multiscale and spatially collaborative strategy may be needed. This means that efforts to manage VSV spread will need to include cooperation between animal owners, barn managers, veterinarians, and potentially even community members in the surrounding neighborhood.
Cite This Article
APA
Peck DE, Reeves WK, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Derner JD, Drolet B, Cohnstaedt LW, Swanson D, McVey DS, Rodriguez LL, Peters DPC.
(2020).
Management Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Equines Contracting Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in the Western United States.
J Equine Vet Sci, 90, 103026.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103026 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- USDA Northern Plains Climate Hub, Fort Collins, CO. Electronic address: dannele.peck@usda.gov.
- USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO.
- USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Cheyenne, WY.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Plum Island, NY.
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Las Cruces, NM.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Insect Vectors
- Swine
- Swine Diseases
- United States
- Vesicular Stomatitis / prevention & control
- Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
- Vesiculovirus
Citations
This article has been cited 8 times.- Scroggs SLP, Swanson DA, Steele TD, Hudson AR, Reister-Hendricks LM, Gutierrez J, Shults P, McGregor BL, Taylor CE, Davis TM, Lamberski N, Phair KA, Howard LL, McConnell NE, Gurfield N, Drolet BS, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Cohnstaedt LW. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Detected in Biting Midges and Black Flies during the 2023 Outbreak in Southern California. Viruses 2024 Sep 7;16(9).
- Humphreys JM, Shults PT, Velazquez-Salinas L, Bertram MR, Pelzel-McCluskey AM, Pauszek SJ, Peters DPC, Rodriguez LL. Interrogating Genomes and Geography to Unravel Multiyear Vesicular Stomatitis Epizootics. Viruses 2024 Jul 11;16(7).
- Frisch V, Fuehrer HP, Cavalleri JV. Relevant Brachycera (Excluding Oestroidea) for Horses in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2023 Apr 6;12(4).
- Vasco-Julio D, Aguilar D, Maldonado A, de la Torre E, Cisneros-Montufar MS, Bastidas-Caldes C, Navarro JC, de Waard JH. Molecular Tracking of the Origin of Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreaks in 2004 and 2018, Ecuador. Vet Sci 2023 Feb 24;10(3).
- Rozo-Lopez P, Park Y, Drolet BS. Effect of Constant Temperatures on Culicoides sonorensis Midge Physiology and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection. Insects 2022 Apr 9;13(4).
- McGregor BL, Rozo-Lopez P, Davis TM, Drolet BS. Detection of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Indiana from Insects Collected during the 2020 Outbreak in Kansas, USA. Pathogens 2021 Sep 2;10(9).
- Drolet BS, Reeves WK, Bennett KE, Pauszek SJ, Bertram MR, Rodriguez LL. Identical Viral Genetic Sequence Found in Black Flies (Simulium bivittatum) and the Equine Index Case of the 2006 U.S. Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak. Pathogens 2021 Jul 23;10(8).
- Rozo-Lopez P, Londono-Renteria B, Drolet BS. Impacts of Infectious Dose, Feeding Behavior, and Age of Culicoides sonorensis Biting Midges on Infection Dynamics of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Pathogens 2021 Jun 29;10(7).
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