Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections.
Abstract: Nosocomial infections are a serious threat to optimum patient care. In addition, nosocomial infections can have far-reaching consequences for the hospital personnel and the financial aspects of the hospital. Nosocomial infections with Salmonella spp have been described among hospitalized equine populations more frequently than any other agent. Salmonella spp associated with hospitalized equids often possess more antimicrobial resistance determinants than do Salmonella spp isolated from healthy horses in the general population. There is little evidence to suggest that resistant salmonellae are more virulent than nonresistant forms. MDR forms of Salmonella complicate the selection of appropriate antimicrobials when they are indicated, however. Furthermore, the use of some antimicrobials may apply selection pressure toward enhanced ability of MDR Salmonella to colonize equine patients. Further research should help to elucidate the risky uses of antimicrobials in the hospital setting and define the role of disinfectants and treatments such as NSAIDs in the ecology of MDR forms of nosocomial infections, including Salmonella. In the meantime, thoughtful selection of when and how to use antimicrobials in equine patients, together with deliberate selection of which antimicrobials to use based on monitoring data and other factors, such as safety and spectrum, is advised.
Publication Date: 2004-11-03 PubMed ID: 15519820DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2004.07.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article investigates the problem of nosocomial infections (those acquired in a hospital) in horses, caused by multidrug-resistant Salmonella bacteria. The paper discusses the potential impacts of such infections, the role of antimicrobial treatments in their development, and the use of disinfectants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in managing these infections.
Overview of Nosocomial Infections with Salmonella
- The article begins by describing the seriousness of nosocomial infections in equine patients. It highlights that such infections pose significant threats to optimal patient care and can have financial implications for hospitals. The causative agent of these infections most discussed in the literature is Salmonella spp.
- The authors further emphasize the multidrug-resistant (MDR) nature of Salmonella spp often associated with hospitalized horses. These bacteria harbor more antimicrobial resistance determinants compared to those isolates from healthy horses.
Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance
- The paper mentions that there is little evidence suggesting that the drug-resistant Salmonella bacteria are more virulent (disease-causing) than nonresistant strains. However, their drug-resistant nature complicates the selection of effective antimicrobials when treatment is necessary.
- Interestingly, the authors put forward that the use of certain antimicrobials might apply selection pressure enhancing the ability of MDR Salmonella to colonize equine patients.
Future Research and Recommendations
- The researchers express the need for further studies to understand the risky uses of antimicrobials in hospitals and to explore the role of disinfectants and NSAIDs in the management of MDR infections.
- In the meantime, they recommend a thoughtful approach to the use of antimicrobials in equine patients, including judicious decisions on when and how to use these drugs based on monitoring data, safety considerations, and the antibiotic spectrum.
Cite This Article
APA
Dargatz DA, Traub-Dargatz JL.
(2004).
Multidrug-resistant Salmonella and nosocomial infections.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 20(3), 587-600.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2004.07.008 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, United States Department of Agriculture, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building MS 2E7, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA. david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Cross Infection / prevention & control
- Cross Infection / veterinary
- Disease Outbreaks / prevention & control
- Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / transmission
- Horses
- Infection Control / methods
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
- Salmonella / drug effects
- Salmonella Infections, Animal / drug therapy
- Salmonella Infections, Animal / transmission
References
This article includes 25 references
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