Prediction of the elastic strain limit of tendons.
Abstract: The elastic strain limit (ESL) of tendons is the point where maximum elastic modulus is reached, after which micro-damage starts. Study of damage progression in tendons under repetitive (fatigue) loading requires a priori knowledge about ESL. In this study, we propose three different approaches for predicting ESL. First, one single value is assumed to represent the ESL of all tendon specimens. Second, different extrapolation curves are used for extrapolating the initial part of the stress-strain curve. Third, a method based on comparing the shape of the initial part of the stress-strain curve of specimens with a database of stress-strain curves is used. A large number of porcine tendon explants (97) were tested to examine the above-mentioned approaches. The variants of the third approach yielded significantly (p<0.05) smaller error values as compared to the other approaches. The mean absolute percentage error of the best-performing variant of the shape-based comparison was between 8.14±6.44% and 9.96±9.99% depending on the size of the initial part of the stress-strain curves. Interspecies generalizability of the best performing method was also studied by applying it for prediction of the ESL of horse tendons. The ESL of horse tendons was predicted with mean absolute percentage errors ranging between 10.53±7.6% and 19.16±14.31% depending on the size of the initial part of the stress-strain curves and the type of normalization. The results of this study suggest that both ESL and the shape of stress-strain curves may be highly different between different individuals and different anatomical locations.
© 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Publication Date: 2013-12-02 PubMed ID: 24362243DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.11.020Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article presents a study focused on predicting the maximum stretch a tendon can endure before damage occurs, a key element in understanding injury progression. Three prediction methods were tested on pig tendons, and the method based on comparing pre-existing data had the smallest error rates.
Objective of the Research
- The main goal of this research was to predict the elastic strain limit (ESL) of tendons, which is the maximum point of elasticity that the tendons can reach before they start to sustain micro-damage. Understanding and determining the ESL is essential in studying damage progression within tendons, especially under repetitive stress.
Methods Employed by The Research.
- Three different approaches were proposed to predict the ESL. In the first approach, the ESL of all tendon specimens is assumed to be represented by a single value.
- In the second approach, various extrapolation curves were used to estimate the initial part of the stress-strain curve. The stress-strain graph is an important tool for identifying how a material or tissue, such as a tendon, responds to applied stress.
- The third approach, which proved to be manifoldly more accurate, involves comparing the shape of the initial part of the tested specimen’s stress-strain curve with a database of stress-strain curves.
- For the sake of this study, a large number (97) of tendon samples from pigs were tested using these methods.
Results of the Research
- The third approach produced the smallest error values as compared to the other approaches. Depending on the size of the initial part of the stress-strain curves, the mean absolute percentage error of the best-performing variant of the shape-based comparison was between 8.14±6.44% and 9.96±9.99%.
- The researchers also tested the most successful method’s applicability across different species by applying it to horse tendons. The ESL of horse tendons was predicted with mean absolute percentage errors ranging from 10.53±7.6% to 19.16±14.31%, depending on the size of the initial part of the stress-strain curves and the normalization type.
- The paper concludes and showcases that both the ESL and the shape of stress-strain curves can vary greatly between different individuals as well as anatomical locations.
Cite This Article
APA
Reyes AM, Jahr H, van Schie HT, Weinans H, Zadpoor AA.
(2013).
Prediction of the elastic strain limit of tendons.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 30, 324-338.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.11.020 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- UTC Imaging, Stein, The Netherlands; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Australia.
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics and Department of Rheumatology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.a.zadpoor@tudelft.nl.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Elasticity
- Horses
- Species Specificity
- Statistics as Topic / methods
- Stress, Mechanical
- Swine
- Tendons
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Scholze M, Singh A, Lozano PF, Ondruschka B, Ramezani M, Werner M, Hammer N. Utilization of 3D printing technology to facilitate and standardize soft tissue testing.. Sci Rep 2018 Jul 27;8(1):11340.
- Lee AH, Szczesny SE, Santare MH, Elliott DM. Investigating mechanisms of tendon damage by measuring multi-scale recovery following tensile loading.. Acta Biomater 2017 Jul 15;57:363-372.
- Shepherd JH, Riley GP, Screen HR. Early stage fatigue damage occurs in bovine tendon fascicles in the absence of changes in mechanics at either the gross or micro-structural level.. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014 Oct;38:163-72.
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