Protection provided by a recombinant ALVAC(®)-WNV vaccine expressing the prM/E genes of a lineage 1 strain of WNV against a virulent challenge with a lineage 2 strain.
Abstract: The emergence of lineage 2 strains of WNV in Europe as a cause of clinical disease and mortality in horses raised the question whether the existing WNV vaccines, all based on lineage 1 strains, protect against circulating lineage 2 strains of WNV. In the present paper we have determined the level of cross protection provided by the recombinant ALVAC(®)-WNV vaccine in a severe challenge model that produces clinical signs of WNV type 2 disease. Ten horses were vaccinated twice at 4 weeks interval with one dose of the ALVAC-WNV vaccine formulated at the minimum protective dose. A further 10 horses served as controls. Two weeks after the second vaccination, all horses were challenged intrathecally with a recent neurovirulent lineage 2 strain of WNV. The challenge produced viraemia in 10 out of 10 and encephalitis in 9 out of 10 control horses. Three horses had to be euthanized for humane reasons. In contrast, none of the vaccinated horses developed WNV disease and only 1 vaccinated horse became viraemic at a single time point at low titre. The prevalence of WNV disease and viraemia were significantly lower in the vaccinated horses than in the control horses (P<0.0001 for both). Based on these results, the ALVAC-WNV vaccine will provide veterinarians with an effective tool to control infections caused by lineage 1 and 2 strains of WNV.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2011-05-05 PubMed ID: 21549780DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.058Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper is about a study that aimed to determine the effectiveness of the recombinant ALVAC-WNV vaccine, which was originally developed for lineage 1 strains of West Nile Virus (WNV), in protecting against lineage 2 strains of the virus. The results suggest that the vaccine is effective in preventing disease and viraemia caused by lineage 2 strains of WNV.
Study Design and Methodology
- The study involved a vaccination and challenge experiment setup involving 20 horses.
- 10 of these horses were vaccinated twice with a 4-week interval using the ALVAC-WNV vaccine formulated at the minimum protective dose. These formed the test group.
- The other 10 horses served as the control group and were not vaccinated.
- Two weeks after the second vaccination, all the horses were exposed to a neurovirulent lineage 2 strain of WNV via an intrathecal challenge.
Findings
- Viraemia (the presence of viruses in the blood) occurred in all the control horses, and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) developed in 90% of them.
- For humane reasons, three of these control horses had to be euthanized due to the severity of the disease.
- Contrarily, none of the vaccinated horses developed WNV disease, and only one showed signs of viraemia at a low titre and at just a single time point.
Interpretation and Conclusion
- The instances of WNV disease and viraemia were significantly lower in the vaccinated horses compared to the controls.
- Statistical analysis confirmed that these differences were highly significant (P<0.0001).
- Based on these findings, it was concluded that the ALVAC-WNV vaccine provides effective protection against both lineage 1 and lineage 2 strains of WNV.
- Therefore, the use of this vaccine in veterinary practice would be instrumental in controlling infections with both these lineages of WNV.
Cite This Article
APA
Minke JM, Siger L, Cupillard L, Powers B, Bakonyi T, Boyum S, Nowotny N, Bowen R.
(2011).
Protection provided by a recombinant ALVAC(®)-WNV vaccine expressing the prM/E genes of a lineage 1 strain of WNV against a virulent challenge with a lineage 2 strain.
Vaccine, 29(28), 4608-4612.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.058 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Merial S.A.S., 254 rue Marcel Mérieux, 69007 Lyon, France. jules.minke@merial.com
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / immunology
- Cross Protection
- Female
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Male
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Synthetic / administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic / genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic / immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins / immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / genetics
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
- West Nile Fever / immunology
- West Nile Fever / prevention & control
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile Fever / virology
- West Nile Virus Vaccines / administration & dosage
- West Nile Virus Vaccines / genetics
- West Nile Virus Vaccines / immunology
- West Nile virus / classification
- West Nile virus / genetics
- West Nile virus / immunology
- West Nile virus / pathogenicity
Citations
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