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Home / Equine Research Bank / Mediators Inflamm / Pulmonary Remodeling in Equine Asthma: What Do We Know about...
Mediators of inflammation2016; 2016; 5693205; doi: 10.1155/2016/5693205

Pulmonary Remodeling in Equine Asthma: What Do We Know about Mediators of Inflammation in the Horse?

Abstract: Equine inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) represent a spectrum of chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in horses resembling human asthma in many aspects. Therefore, both are now described as severity grades of equine asthma. Increasing evidence in horses and humans suggests that local pulmonary inflammation is influenced by systemic inflammatory processes and the other way around. Inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis as well as extracellular remodeling show close interactions. Cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal wash is commonly used to evaluate the severity of local inflammation in the lung. Other mediators of inflammation, like interleukins involved in the chemotaxis of neutrophils, have been studied. Chronic obstructive pneumopathies lead to remodeling of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma, ultimately causing fibrosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are discussed as the most important proteolytic enzymes during remodeling in human medicine and increasing evidence exists for the horse as well. A systemic involvement has been shown for severe equine asthma by increased acute phase proteins like serum amyloid A and haptoglobin in peripheral blood during exacerbation. Studies focusing on these and further possible inflammatory markers for chronic respiratory disease in the horse are discussed in this review of the literature.
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Publication Date: 2016-12-07 PubMed ID: 28053371PubMed Central: PMC5174180DOI: 10.1155/2016/5693205Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article explores the similarities between chronic inflammatory airway diseases in horses, specifically Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD) and Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO), and human asthma in terms of inflammatory processes, with special emphasis on the role of different intermediaries or mediators in these processes.

Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases in Horses

  • The article starts by focusing on IAD and RAO, two conditions in horses that closely resemble human asthma. These conditions present as chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways, reflecting how systemic inflammatory processes can impact local pulmonary inflammation and vice versa.

Interactions of Inflammation, Coagulation and Fibrinolysis

  • The research sheds light on the close interaction between inflammation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and extracellular remodeling. These processes have significant interplay in both human and equine health conditions.
  • It is highlighted that for the evaluation of the severity of local inflammation in the lung, the cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal wash is often utilised.

Role of Interleukins and Chronic Obstructive Pneumopathies

  • The article further explores the involvement of other mediators of inflammation, such as interleukins that have a role in the chemotaxis of neutrophils. Understanding the behaviour and influence of these mediators can aid in assessing the nature and severity of inflammatory processes.
  • Chronic obstructive pneumopathies, resulting from these inflammatory diseases, can lead to remodeling of bronchial walls and lung parenchyma, eventually causing fibrosis—an irreversible scarring and hardening process.

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Systemic Involvement

  • Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are identified and discussed as the most crucial proteolytic enzymes involved in remodeling processes. These enzymes, well studied in human medicine, are gradually gaining significance in equine health as well.
  • The article underscores that severe equine asthma shows systemic involvement, as evidenced by the increased presence of acute phase proteins like serum amyloid A and haptoglobin in peripheral blood during exacerbation periods.
  • The study concludes by discussing these and other potential inflammatory markers for chronic respiratory disease in horses, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Cite This Article

APA
Barton AK, Gehlen H. (2016). Pulmonary Remodeling in Equine Asthma: What Do We Know about Mediators of Inflammation in the Horse? Mediators Inflamm, 2016, 5693205. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5693205

Publication

Mediators of inflammation
ISSN: 1466-1861
NlmUniqueID: 9209001
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2016
Pages: 5693205
PII: 5693205

Researcher Affiliations

Barton, Ann Kristin
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Gehlen, Heidrun
  • Equine Clinic, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Airway Obstruction
  • Airway Remodeling
  • Animals
  • Asthma / metabolism
  • Blood Coagulation
  • Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
  • Extracellular Matrix / metabolism
  • Haptoglobins / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Inflammation
  • Lung Diseases / metabolism
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases / metabolism
  • Neutrophils / metabolism
  • Phenotype
  • Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
  • Species Specificity

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

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Citations

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