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Microorganisms2023; 11(8); 1950; doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11081950

Relationship between the Cycle Threshold Value (Ct) of a Salmonella spp. qPCR Performed on Feces and Clinical Signs and Outcome in Horses.

Abstract: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of fecal quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results when taking the cycle threshold values (Ct) into account. The study included 120 qPCR-positive fecal samples obtained from 88 hospitalized horses over a 2-year period. The mean Ct of the qPCR test was evaluated in regard to (1) clinical outcome and (2) systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) status (no SIRS, moderate SIRS, or severe SIRS) of the sampled horses. An ROC analysis was performed to establish the optimal cut-off Ct values associated with severe SIRS. The mean ± SD Ct value was significantly lower in samples (1) from horses with a fatal issue (27.87 ± 5.15 cycles) than in surviving horses (31.75 ± 3.60 cycles), and (2) from horses with severe SIRS (27.87 ± 2.78 cycles) than from horses with no (32.51 ± 3.59 cycles) or moderate (31.54 ± 3.02 cycles) SIRS. In the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value of Ct associated with a severe SIRS was 30.40 cycles, with an AUC value of 0.84 [95% confidence interval 0.76-0.91] and an OR of 0.64 [0.51-0.79]. Results suggest that including the Ct value in the interpretation of fecal qPCR results could improve the diagnostic value of this test for clinical salmonellosis in horses.
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Publication Date: 2023-07-30 PubMed ID: 37630510PubMed Central: PMC10459194DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081950Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examined the link between real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results, specifically cycle threshold values (Ct), along with clinical signs and outcomes in horses with Salmonella. Results indicate that including cycle threshold values in test interpretations could enhance the diagnostic potential for pinpointing salmonellosis in horses.

Introduction and Objectives

  • The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical relevance of real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results in feces, specifically relating to cycle threshold values (Ct), in relation to clinical outcomes and signs in horses.
  • The subject pool included 120 qPCR-positive fecal samples from 88 hospitalized horses collected over two years.

Materials and Methods

  • The average Ct values of the qPCR tests were examined in terms of (1) the clinical outcome (survival or fatality) and (2) Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) severity of the horses from which the samples were taken.
  • A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the ideal Ct values associated with severe SIRS.

Results

  • The research found a significant link between lower cycle threshold values and severe health outcomes. Specifically, samples from horses with a fatal outcome (with a mean Ct value of 27.87 cycles) or severe SIRS (mean Ct value of 27.87 cycles) had a significantly lower Ct value compared to surviving horses or those with moderate or no SIRS (Ct values of 31.75 cycles and 32.51 cycles or 31.54 cycles respectively).
  • The ROC analysis identified 30.40 as the ideal Ct cut-off for severe SIRS with a high area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.84 and an odds ratio (OR) of 0.64.

Conclusion

  • The findings of this study suggest that including a Ct value in the interpretation of qPCR test results could enhance their diagnostic value in detecting clinical salmonellosis – a severe, often deadly infection caused by Salmonella bacteria in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Amory H, Cesarini C, De Maré L, Loublier C, Moula N, Detilleux J, Saulmont M, Garigliany MM, Lecoq L. (2023). Relationship between the Cycle Threshold Value (Ct) of a Salmonella spp. qPCR Performed on Feces and Clinical Signs and Outcome in Horses. Microorganisms, 11(8), 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081950

Publication

Microorganisms
ISSN: 2076-2607
NlmUniqueID: 101625893
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 8
PII: 1950

Researcher Affiliations

Amory, Hélène
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Cesarini, Carla
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
De Maré, Lorie
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Loublier, Clémence
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Moula, Nassim
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Detilleux, Johann
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Saulmont, Marc
  • Regional Animal Health and Identification Association (ARSIA), 2 Allée des Artisans, ZA du Biron, 5590 Ciney, Belgium.
Garigliany, Mutien-Marie
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Department of Morphology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Lecoq, Laureline
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.

Grant Funding

  • R.CFRA.4067 / University of Liu00e8ge

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Haywood LMB, Sheahan BJ. A Review of Epithelial Ion Transporters and Their Roles in Equine Infectious Colitis. Vet Sci 2024 Oct 7;11(10).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci11100480pubmed: 39453072google scholar: lookup
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