FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Am Vet Med Assoc / Transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by Tabanus fu...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association1976; 168(1); 63-64;

Transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus.

Abstract: The mechanical transmission of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus was investigated. In 1 of 7 transmission trials, a single horsefly transmitted EIA virus from an acutely infected pony to a susceptible pony. Groups of horseflies isolated for 3, 10, or 30 minutes before refeeding transmitted EIA virus, whereas those isolated for 4 or 24 hours did not. Data from field studies indicate that the home range or flight distance of horseflies may exceed 4 miles. That information together with our observations suggest that segregation of infected horses (usually defined as at least 200 yards from susceptible horses) as a control measure for EIA may not be an adequate safeguard against transmission in areas where horseflies are numerous.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1976-01-01 PubMed ID: 942712
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research explored the mechanical transmission of a virus called equine infectious anemia (EIA) by a type of horsefly known as Tabanus fuscicostatus. The study concluded that these horseflies can transmit the virus and that typical control measures may not be sufficient to prevent transmission, particularly in areas with numerous horseflies.

Investigation of virus transmission

  • The research focused on the mechanical transmission of equine infectious anemia (EIA), a viral disease that affects horses, by a horsefly species known as Tabanus fuscicostatus.
  • The researchers set up 7 transmission trials where a single horsefly transmitted the EIA virus from an acutely infected pony to a susceptible one. From these trials, transmission of the virus occurred in one instance.

Timing and virus transmission

  • The study also investigated the effect of isolation time on the horsefly’s ability to transmit the virus. They compared transmission rates of horseflies isolated for 3, 10, or 30 minutes before refeeding to those isolated for 4 or 24 hours. The data showed that horseflies could transmit the virus if they were isolated for short periods (3, 10, or 30 minutes) but could not do so if isolated for 4 or 24 hours.

Implications for virus control measures

  • From field studies, it was observed that horseflies can travel more than 4 miles. Keeping this data in perspective with their research observations, the researchers indicated that currently accepted control measures for EIA, such as segregation of infected horses by at least 200 yards from susceptible ones, may not suffice to prevent transmission, especially in areas where horseflies are abundant.
  • The distance horseflies can travel and their ability to transmit the virus within certain time frames, suggest that control measures may need to be reevaluated and potentially revised to effectively impede the transmission of EIA.

Cite This Article

APA
Hawkins JA, Adams WV, Wilson BH, Issel CJ, Roth EE. (1976). Transmission of equine infectious anemia virus by Tabanus fuscicostatus. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 168(1), 63-64.

Publication

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
ISSN: 0003-1488
NlmUniqueID: 7503067
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 168
Issue: 1
Pages: 63-64

Researcher Affiliations

Hawkins, J A
    Adams, W V
      Wilson, B H
        Issel, C J
          Roth, E E

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Diptera
            • Equine Infectious Anemia / transmission
            • Horses
            • Insect Vectors

            Citations

            This article has been cited 11 times.
            1. Frisch V, Fuehrer HP, Cavalleri JV. Relevant Brachycera (Excluding Oestroidea) for Horses in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2023 Apr 6;12(4).
              doi: 10.3390/pathogens12040568pubmed: 37111454google scholar: lookup
            2. van der Kuyl AC. Contemporary Distribution, Estimated Age, and Prehistoric Migrations of Old World Monkey Retroviruses. Epidemiologia (Basel) 2021 Feb 3;2(1):46-67.
              doi: 10.3390/epidemiologia2010005pubmed: 36417189google scholar: lookup
            3. Resende CF, Santos AM, Cook RF, Victor RM, Câmara RJF, Gonçalves GP, Lima JG, Maciel E Silva AG, Leite RC, Dos Reis JKP. Low transmission rates of Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) in foals born to seropositive feral mares inhabiting the Amazon delta region despite climatic conditions supporting high insect vector populations. BMC Vet Res 2022 Jul 22;18(1):286.
              doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03384-4pubmed: 35869474google scholar: lookup
            4. Desquesnes M, Sazmand A, Gonzatti M, Boulangé A, Bossard G, Thévenon S, Gimonneau G, Truc P, Herder S, Ravel S, Sereno D, Waleckx E, Jamonneau V, Jacquiet P, Jittapalapong S, Berthier D, Solano P, Hébert L. Diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses: proper use of current tools and future prospects. Parasit Vectors 2022 Jun 27;15(1):235.
              doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05352-1pubmed: 35761373google scholar: lookup
            5. Porter AF, Cobbin J, Li CX, Eden JS, Holmes EC. Metagenomic Identification of Viral Sequences in Laboratory Reagents. Viruses 2021 Oct 21;13(11).
              doi: 10.3390/v13112122pubmed: 34834931google scholar: lookup
            6. Tomlinson JE, Jager M, Struzyna A, Laverack M, Fortier LA, Dubovi E, Foil LD, Burbelo PD, Divers TJ, Van de Walle GR. Tropism, pathology, and transmission of equine parvovirus-hepatitis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020;9(1):651-663.
              doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1741326pubmed: 32192415google scholar: lookup
            7. Lohmann KL, James CR, Higgins SN, Howden KJ, Epp T. Disease investigations for equine infectious anemia in Canada (2009-2012) - Retrospective evaluation and risk factor analysis. Can Vet J 2019 Nov;60(11):1199-1206.
              pubmed: 31692681
            8. Francis SS, Selvin S, Yang W, Buffler PA, Wiemels JL. Unusual space-time patterning of the Fallon, Nevada leukemia cluster: Evidence of an infectious etiology. Chem Biol Interact 2012 Apr 5;196(3):102-9.
              doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.019pubmed: 21352818google scholar: lookup
            9. Sellon DC. Equine infectious anemia. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1993 Aug;9(2):321-36.
              doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30399-1pubmed: 8395326google scholar: lookup
            10. Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, McGuire TC. The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus. Virus Res 1994 May;32(2):111-38.
              doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90038-8pubmed: 8067050google scholar: lookup
            11. Schimmich C, Vabret A, Valle-Casuso JC. Efficacy assessment of antiretroviral drugs against equine infectious anemia virus in vitro. Virus Res 2024 Dec;350:199503.
              doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199503pubmed: 39613191google scholar: lookup
            Subscribe to our newsletter
            Join 99,359 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.