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Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
Ventilation-perfusion relationships in the anaesthetised horse. Ventilation-perfusion relationships were studied by the multiple inert gas elimination technique in seven horses while they were conscious and during inhalation anaesthesia with halothane. A generally good match between ventilation and perfusion was found in the conscious, standing horse. During anaesthesia a huge shunt developed, ie perfusion of completely unventilated lung regions, both in dorsal and left lateral recumbency and whether the horse was breathing spontaneously or mechanically ventilated. The shunt was significantly greater and the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) significantly low...
Analysis of post mortem aqueous humour chemistry in the horse, with particular reference to urea nitrogen and creatinine. The concentrations of several post mortem aqueous humour chemical constituents were compared with ante mortem serum chemical values in the horse. Urea nitrogen and creatinine values in post mortem aqueous humour were good predictors of ante mortem serum values. Aqueous humour urea nitrogen increased only slightly and creatinine did not change significantly for up to 24 h after death. Formulae were derived for calculating estimated ante mortem serum urea nitrogen and creatinine from aqueous humour values obtained after death. These results from normal horses identify analytes that are accurate ...
Australian Stringhalt–epidemiological, clinical and neurological investigations. An investigation of 78 cases of typical Australian Stringhalt from 52 properties in Victoria was carried out from 1985 to 1987. Horses were either examined in the field (n = 52), referred to the Veterinary Clinical Centre (n = 13) or clinical details were obtained verbally (n = 13). In addition 10 cases of false or atypical stringhalt were examined. Detailed soil and pasture analysis was carried out on 14 properties where Australian Stringhalt had occurred. Information was also obtained on epidemiology of the condition from a survey of practitioners. Fifty of the 52 cases examined in the field...
A retrospective study of 100 pelvic fractures in horses. The records of 100 horses with clinical or radiographic diagnosis of a pelvic fracture were reviewed to determine prognostic indicators associated with clinical signs or radiographic fracture characteristics. Degree of lameness, soft tissue swelling, crepitis, muscle atrophy, skeletal external assymetry and palpable assymetry on rectal examination were evaluated. There was no significant relationship between the aforementioned clinical signs and the long-term cause outcome. Fracture sites or presence of an acetabular fracture were not related to prognosis. The positive outcome of 77 per cent o...
Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia: protective effects of immune plasma in experimentally infected foals. The immunoprophylactic capacity of specific immune plasma was evaluated in pony foals infected experimentally with Rhodococcus equi. Immune plasma, produced by repeated parenteral administration of viable R. equi to adult horses, was harvested and frozen. Group I (six control foals) and Group II (six principal foals) received lactated Ringers solution and immune plasma respectively at three and five days of age. R. equi were aerosolised into a caudal lung lobe of all foals at seven days of age. Clinical signs, haematological alterations, immune responses, thoracic radiographs and technetium99m...
Arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide tension difference and alveolar dead space in halothane anaesthetised horses. Arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide tension differences (a-A) PCO2 and alveolar dead space were measured during clinical halothane anaesthesia of 110 horses with the help of continuous infra-red carbon dioxide analysis of expiratory gas. Mean (a-A) PCO2 was 1.6 +/- 0.8 kPa. Alveolar dead space expressed as a percentage of alveolar tidal volume had a mean value of 23 +/- 13 per cent. Influence on (a-A) PCO2 and alveolar dead space of the following variables was tested statistically: age, weight, body position, respiration mode and duration of anaesthesia. (a-A) PCO2 was influenced positively by we...
Postprandial serum gastrin concentrations in normal foals. Postprandial gastrin concentrations were assayed in serum samples from a group of six foals at one day, one week, one month and three months of age. Before sampling, each foal was prevented from feeding for 2 h and was then allowed to suck for 15 mins. Blood samples were taken at the start of the meal and at 30 min intervals for the next 3 h. Feeding increased serum gastrin concentrations at one day, one week and one month, with the greatest increases detected at one day. Mean pre-feeding gastrin concentrations were 25.2 +/- 2.3 pg/ml at one day, 22.8 +/- 3.9 pg/ml at one week, 15.2 +/- 2.3 pg...
The nephrotoxic potential of neomycin in the horse. Neomycin was administered intramuscularly to four normal adult horses at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg bodyweight every 12 h for 10 days (21 doses). The pharmacokinetic behaviour of neomycin with multiple dosing was characterised and a range of blood chemical and urinary parameters examined for evidence of nephrotoxicity. There was evidence of physical renal tubular injury (enzymuria and cylindriuria) within four days of neomycin administration but this subsided following cessation of treatment. No significant functional nephrotoxicity was detected. More severe nephrotoxicity might be expected in il...
Twin embryos in mares. II: Post fixation embryo reduction. Recent findings on the development and natural outcome of twins from Day 17 (immediately after fixation) to Day 40 are reviewed. Incidence of embryo reduction was increased significantly when the vesicles became fixed unilaterally, rather than bilaterally, and when the vesicles were unequal in diameter. Of 68 mares with twins on the day of fixation, post fixation embryo reduction occurred in 41 (60 per cent). The incidence of reduction was 41 of 48 (85 per cent) following unilateral fixation; reduction occurred in all of 22 mares with vesicles of dissimilar size (4 mm or more difference in dia...
Monorchidism in the horse. Six horses with monorchidism, identified at surgery for cryptorchidectomy, are reported. All six presented with a single scrotal testis. Following surgical removal of one testis, they were either hormonally, anatomically or behaviourally determined to be geldings. Three other horses reported in the literature are reviewed. Of these nine cases of monorchidism, eight were thought to be caused by testicular degeneration and one by testicular agenesis. The vaginal process was present in all of the former and absent in the latter. The left side was involved in five of these eight horses. In seven, ...
Twin embryos in mares. I: From ovulation to fixation. Recent findings on the origin and development of twins from ovulation (Day 0) to fixation (mean: Day 16) are reviewed. Available data show that almost all twins originate from multiple ovulations. Results of recent ultrasound studies indicate that the number of days between double ovulations does not affect the conception rate per ovum or embryo survival during the first 16 days after each ovulation. Embryo reduction is the natural elimination of excess embryos so that only one embryo enters the foetal stage. In two studies, embryo reduction before or on the day of fixation was not considered ...
Pulmonary vascular reactivity of the newborn pony foal. Adult ponies develop pulmonary hypertension at altitude (Bisgard, Orr and Will 1975), but the neonatal response to acute hypoxaemia is unknown. Seven foals aged five days were instrumented with a systemic and a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter while anesthetised and intubated. Cardiac index, pulmonary (PAP) and systemic (SAP) vascular pressures were measured as the foals breathed gas mixtures with FI02 of 8 to 94 per cent. Because foramen ovale or ductus arteriosus shunts might have altered thermodilution cardiac index measurements in the stressed foals, the ratio, PAP/SAP was calculated to...
Pneumonia, lung abscesses and pleuritis in adult horses: a review of 51 cases. Case records are reviewed of 51 adult horses in which a diagnosis of pneumonia, pulmonary abscess or pleuritis had been made. Forty-five horses were afflicted with pneumonia and/or pulmonary abscesses; in 11 of these the infection was primary, whereas in 34 it was secondary to another disease process (inhalation of food or saliva, thoracic trauma, generalised infection, airway disease, neoplasia or thromboembolism). Of the 11 horses with primary pulmonary infections, 10 appeared to be associated with a previous episode of stress; this took the form of long distance travel in eight cases. There...
Body fluid and endometrial concentrations of ketoconazole in mares after intravenous injection or repeated gavage. After single oral administration of ketoconazole (30 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) in 50 ml of corn syrup to a healthy mare, the drug was not detected in serum. Ketoconazole in 0.2 N HC1 was administered intragastrically to six healthy adult horses in five consecutive doses of 30 mg/kg bwt at 12 h intervals. Ketoconazole concentrations were measured in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine and endometrium. Mean peak serum ketoconazole concentration was 3.76 micrograms/ml at 1.5 to 2 h after intragastric administration. Mean peak synovial concentration was 0.87 mic...
Evaluation of three strip tests for measuring electrolytes in mares’ pre-partum mammary secretions and for predicting parturition. Three strip test kits which measure calcium and/or magnesium in mares' mammary secretions were compared and assessed for their accuracy in:- 1) measuring these electrolytes compared to standard laboratory measurements, and 2) predicting the time of parturition. Daily samples of mammary secretions were obtained pre-partum from 35 Thoroughbred mares and allocated a score. Measurement of mammary secretion calcium and/or magnesium by the strip tests and laboratory methods correlated significantly (P less than 0.001). The results obtained for prediction of parturition were analysed by two methods. ...
Cervical spinal kinematics: a comparison between foals and adult horses. A photographic method was used to measure axial rotation, dorsoventral flexion and extension and lateral bending at each intervertebral joint complex from the occiput to the first thoracic vertebra in spinal segments from 19 foals under 12 months of age and 14 horses over three years of age. Comparisons between the two groups showed that there was a general reduction in cervical spinal mobility with age. For the three types of movement at the eight joints tested, adults' mobility exceeded that of foals in only three cases (axial rotation and lateral bending at the A-O joint, and lateral bendin...
Rectal tears in the horse: an analysis of 35 cases. The records of 35 horses with Grade 3 or 4 rectal tears, presented to the Veterinary Medical Center at Texas A & M University over a five year period, were reviewed. Grade 3 tears were sub-classified according to whether the remaining tissue was serosa (Grade 3a) or mesorectum (Grade 3b). Five horses were destroyed on presentation and 30 were treated by primary suture closure (8 horses), faecal diversion alone (9 horses) or in combination with suture closure (11 horses) and packing of the tear with medicated gauze sponges (two horses). Faecal diversion was achieved with a temporary indwell...
A preliminary investigation of the effect of selected electromagnetic field devices on healing of cannon bone osteotomies in horses. The effect of electrical stimulation by means of selected electromagnetic field devices on healing of cannon bone osteotomies in horses was examined. The defects were created as 3 cm x 1 mm longitudinal osteotomies through the dorsal cortices of the mid-metacarpi/metatarsi of adult horses. This type of defect would asses bone healing in a situation similar to an acute, stable fracture of the cortex. Three electromagnetic devices of different design were tested in three different groups of horses. Healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically. Results showed that osteotomies treated...
Kinematics of the cervical spine of the adult horse. At least three types of movement, dorsoventral flexion and extension, axial rotation and lateral bending, were shown to occur at each of the intervertebral joints in the cervical spine. Between the first two cervical vertebrae the mean axial rotation was 107.5 degrees, which was 73 per cent of the total axial rotation of the cervical spine. The atlantooccipital joint rotated through a mean of 27 degrees, whereas the remaining cervical joints each had less than 3 degrees of rotatory movement. Dorsoventral flexion and extension were maximal at the atlantooccipital joint, which had an amplitude o...
