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Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
Jugular thrombophlebitis resulting from an anaesthetic induction technique in the horse. Forty-eight hours after general anaesthesia was induced by glycerol guaiacolate and thiopentone sodium in 10 horses, the jugular veins were dissected out at post-mortem and examined visually and histologically. All veins showed a marked thrombophlebitis involving the media and intima at the site of injection. The influence of catheter composition, catheter placement and chemical composition on the occurrence of the thrombophlebitis is discussed. It is concluded that the thrombophlebitis was chemically induced.
Longitudinal growth analysis of horses following limited and ad libitum feeding. Eighteen colts were assigned to one of two groups: limit or ad libitum feeding. Three periods were evaluated: 1) six to 12 months, 2) 12 to 18 months and 3) 18 to 24 months of age. At 24 months of age, ad libitum fed horses weighed 13 per cent (51 kg) more and were 3.6 per cent (5.2 cm) taller than those fed limited amounts. Total, fore and hind body mass increased quadratically irrespective of dietary treatment. Fore body mass comprised 57 per cent of total body mass for both groups and this did not change with age or dietary treatment. Heart girth was directly related (R2 = 0.96) to total bo...
Clinical use of epidural xylazine in the horse. Xylazine was administered into the epidural space of nine horses to facilitate various perineal manipulations (ie rectovaginal laceration repair, replacement of prolapsed rectum and urethral extension). The resulting caudal analgesia was sufficient for all procedures. The duration of analgesia from a single injection of epidural xylazine (0.17 to 0.22 mg/kg bodyweight) was at least 3.5 h. No horses were ataxic during or after the treatment. This trial demonstrates that xylazine given into the epidural space of horses provides prolonged regional analgesia which is sufficient for clinical use.
Vasomotor rhinitis with headshaking in a pony. VASOMOTOR rhinitis (VR) is a chronic, non-seasonal disease of the nasal mucosa of man with symptoms including profuse bilateral watery nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal airflow obstruction, nasal pruritus and loss of smell. The disease is believed to result from nasal hyper-reactivity to exogenous and endogenous stimuli including temperature and humidity changes, odours and physical or emotional stress (Groves, Gray, Downton and Blau 1985). Although the aetiology of this non-infectious and non-allergic rhinitis is not completely understood, it is believed to be largely due to an imbalance in th...
Effects of exercise on serum amino-transferase activity and pyridoxal phosphate saturation in Thoroughbred racehorses. Aminotransferase activities were measured in the serum of two- to three-year-old Thoroughbred fillies and colts during a four week period of peak training for flat racing. Aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT, EC 2.6.1.1), mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AspAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT, EC 2.6.1.2) activities in serum were measured and the relative proportions of apoenzyme and holoenzyme were determined. The aminotransferase activities were increased only slightly immediately following exercise. This small and immediate post exercise increase in activity did not vary greatl...
Plasma theophylline concentration and lung function in ponies with recurrent obstructive lung disease. Six ponies with recurrent obstructive lung disease were studied during two separate 60 min periods while receiving constant equal volume infusions of either aminophylline or sterile water. Dynamic lung compliance, pulmonary resistance, respiratory rate, tidal volume, blood gas tensions and heart rate were measured. Plasma samples were obtained for determination of theophylline concentrations before, and at 10 min intervals during, the infusion period. Excitability was assessed subjectively at these same time periods. The plasma theophylline concentrations in ponies were well predicted by a pre...
Variation in conformation of Swedish warmblood horses and conformational characteristics of élite sport horses. The variation in conformation of 356 Swedish Warmblood horses is described, using a quantitative method of measuring horses. Thirty-three of the horses were élite dressage horses, 28 were élite showjumpers, 100 were riding school horses and 195 were unselected four-year-olds. Most horses had a long body form. The average height at the withers was 163.4 cm. Sixty per cent of the horses had a bench knee conformation, 50 per cent had a toe-in conformation of the forelimbs and 80 per cent had outwardly rotated hind limbs. The majority of these deviations were mild or moderate. Conformation was i...
A tracheoscopic technique for obtaining uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture in the horse. Transtracheal aspirate (TTA) aerobic microbiology culture results from 30 ponies were compared to protected catheter brush (PCB) culture results obtained from the same ponies. The PCB procedure resulted in significantly fewer (P less than 0.05) isolates than those obtained by the TTA procedure and the PCB procedure resulted in significantly more samples with no bacteria growth than the TTA procedure. To address the possibility that the volume of tracheobronchial secretion obtained by PCB was insufficient as a microbiological sample, a sterile, double-sheathed, protected aspiration catheter (PA...
Evaluation of a bronchoalveolar lavage technique. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique described produced no detectable gross or histopathological lesions. Airway fluid accumulation was observed for up to 4 h post lavage. There was good qualitative correlation between BAL cytopathological and diffuse pulmonary pathological changes. The technique provided an accurate assessment of the presence and extent of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage.
Reduced efficacy of anthelmintics in young compared with adult horses. Studies on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in Ohio from 1982 to 1988 demonstrated the value of three anthelmintic pastes (ivermectin, oxibendazole, pyrantel pamoate) in controlling benzimidazole resistant cyathostomes (small strongyles) in adult horses. However, a comparison of drug efficacy in suppressing faecal egg counts for the full period between treatments showed a significant reduction in efficacy of all drugs in yearling horses compared with adults. Mean faecal egg counts of adult horses were generally kept below 100 eggs per gram (epg) of faeces when using oxibendazole or pyrantel pamoat...
Osteochondral fragmentation of the distal aspect of the patella in horses. A condition characterised by osteochondral fragmentation of the distal aspect of the patella in 15 horses is described. The problem was unilateral in six horses and bilateral in nine. There were eight Quarterhorses, three Thoroughbreds, two American Saddlebreds, one American Paint and one Warmblood-Thoroughbred cross. A previous medial patellar desmotomy had been performed on 12 of the 15 horses. The condition manifested as hindlimb lameness and stiffness ranging from mild to severe. There was fibrous thickening in the stifle area in the 12 cases with a previous medial patellar desmotomy, and ...
Prolonged luteal activity in mares–a semantic quagmire. Prolonged luteal activity is one of the most formidable terminology challenges in mare reproductive biology. Prolonged luteal activity can be a result of persistence of an individual corpus luteum or the sequential development of luteal glands, each of which may have a normal life span. Luteal tissue can originate from an unovulated follicle or from an ovulation occurring during either follicular or luteal dominance. These complexities, together with ambiguous and inconsistent terminology, have resulted in confusion regarding those conditions which can be grouped broadly under the term prolong...
Observer variation in equine abdominal auscultation. The reliability of abdominal auscultation was investigated via an observer variation study. Clinicians listened to a variety of minute-long equine gut sound recordings. They evaluated the amount of gut sounds as 'absent', 'decreased', 'normal', or 'increased'. They subsequently evaluated the same recordings replayed in a different order. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was measured by the statistic kappa. There was significant intra-observer (kappa 0.57) agreement, but less agreement between observers (kappa 0.37). The best agreement was on the classification of sound tracks as 'absent' (i...
A scanning electron microscopical study of the dermal microcirculation of the equine foot. The microcirculation of the dermal laminae and papillae of the equine foot from seven clinically normal Australian ponies was studied using an improved microvascular casting corrosion technique and scanning electron microscopy. Casts of veins, arteries, capillaries and arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) were readily identified by their characteristic surface morphology. Arteries entered the laminar circulation axially, between pairs of axial veins, and were connected to each other by smaller calibre interconnecting arteries. Short abaxial branches of the axial interconnecting arteries gave rise ...
Ultrasound as an aid to diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour in the mare. The ultrasonic appearance of seven cases of granulosa cell tumour is described, and compared with an ovarian haematoma and an ovarian serous cystadenoma. The granulosa cell tumours varied from being uniformly dense to having one or several large fluid filled cysts. Some tumours resembled the haematoma or cystadenoma and also, in some aspects, normal ovarian structures such as corpora haemorrhagica or follicles in early pregnancy. There was no typical ultrasonographic appearance of the granulosa cell tumours which enabled definitive diagnosis. However, ultrasound may be a diagnostic aid when us...
Changes in plasma progesterone concentrations from days 17 to 42 of gestation in mares maintaining or losing pregnancy. Plasma progesterone concentrations were measured in 179 mares bled on alternate days commencing with a positive pregnancy diagnosis on Days 17 to 18 after ovulation and concluding on Days 42 to 45. During this period 17 mares (10 per cent) lost their pregnancies, 11 before Day 25. In 15 mares the timing of the pregnancy loss could be determined with adequate accuracy; in only one did a decline in progesterone precede the loss. Thus pregnancy loss between Days 17 and 42 was rarely caused by a fall in plasma progesterone.
