Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD) is a common, performance-limiting respiratory condition that affects horses of all breeds and disciplines, particularly young to middle-aged animals in training. Part of the equine asthma spectrum, IAD is characterized by airway inflammation and increased mucus production without the overt respiratory distress seen in more severe asthma cases. Horses with IAD may exhibit subtle clinical signs, such as occasional coughing, reduced stamina, and prolonged recovery time after exercise, making early detection and diagnosis a challenge. The condition is most frequently identified in horses kept in stabled environments or those exposed to airborne irritants such as dust, mold, and ammonia. Treatment strategies focus on reducing airway inflammation and minimizing exposure to respiratory irritants. This often includes adjustments in management practices—such as improving ventilation, soaking hay, and reducing dust—as well as pharmacological therapies like corticosteroids and bronchodilators when necessary. Since IAD can significantly impact athletic performance, early recognition and intervention are essential. This article explores the causes, clinical signs, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and preventative strategies associated with Inflammatory Airway Disease in horses.

Keloids are an overgrowth of scar tissue that forms at the site of an injury in humans, extending beyond the original wound boundaries. They are dense, fibrous, and typically raised, smooth, and shiny in appearance. While horses do not develop true keloids as seen in humans, a similar condition known as proud flesh, or exuberant granulation tissue (EGT), is commonly referred to as keloids by owners. Proud flesh occurs when the normal wound healing process is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of tissue that extends above the skin's surface and hinders proper wound closure. ^{[2] [3]} This condition is most commonly seen in the lower limbs and can be triggered by factors such as movement, tension, and delayed healing. Understanding the development, clinical signs, and treatment options for proud flesh is crucial for effectively managing wounds in horses and ensuring proper recovery. To help prevent proud flesh, it's important to provide appropriate wound care, minimize movement, and manage tension, especially in areas prone to irritation. If your horse shows signs of proud flesh, consult a veterinarian for a proper assessment and treatment plan.

Aural plaques in horses are a skin condition characterized by thick, pale, crusty patches that develop on the inner surface of the ears. These plaques may begin as small, raised bumps and can gradually merge into larger areas of raised, rough tissue. Although they are usually painless and do not affect a horse's general health, aural plaques are often persistent and can sometimes lead to increased sensitivity around the ears and head. The condition is linked to a type of papillomavirus (warts) infection, and while not fully understood, transmission is believed to involve biting insects such as black flies. In most cases, aural plaques are considered a cosmetic issue, but they can complicate handling and grooming if the horse becomes head shy. Treatment is not always necessary, though several topical and surgical options are available when intervention is warranted. Read on to learn more about aural plaques in horses, including how to recognize symptoms, understand risk factors, and implement effective prevention strategies.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common tumors affecting horses, originating in the squamous epithelial cells that form the outermost layer of the skin and line various internal surfaces. This condition can develop in a wide range of locations, from the skin and eyes to the genitalia and internal organs. SCC is particularly concerning because it can be aggressive, spreading to surrounding tissues and other areas of the body if left untreated.

Zoonotic diseases (zoonoses) are illnesses that are contagious between animals and humans. Horses can contract and transmit several different zoonotic diseases to humans, including rabies, anthrax, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and ringworm. These pathogens represent three different types of microorganism — viruses, bacteria, and fungi — but all are transmitted through similar mechanisms: improper hygiene, contaminated soil or feed, direct contact, and shared equipment. While horse-to-human transmission of infections is relatively rare, the potential for adverse health outcomes makes awareness and prevention critical for every equine operation. Recognizing the signs of these diseases and implementing strict biosecurity protocols are essential to protecting horse health and human safety. Read on to learn more about zoonotic diseases in horses, their symptoms, and practical strategies for prevention and control.