Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
Measurement of renin and prorenin in cattle, hog and horse. 1. Species specific problems complicating the measurement of prorenin and renin concentrations were studied in bovine, hog and horse plasma. 2. In contrast to horse renin, bovine and hog renin reacted with rat angiotensinogen, allowing measurement of the plasma renin concentration in cattle and hog with rat angiotensinogen as exogenous substrate. 3. Trypsin treatment of plasma in order to activate prorenin generated an interfering angiotensin I immunoreactive material in all three species, most extensively in horse plasma. 4. This material could be removed in bovine and hog plasma by a cation-...
Parahost behavior of adult Gasterophilus intestinalis (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) in Delaware. Parahost behavior of adult Gasterophilus intestinalis (DeGeer) was observed during the summers of 1978 and 1979 near pastured horses on two farms near Newark, Del. Adult fly occurrence, although sparse in early summer, indicated a gradual increase, with three surges in emergence. In the laboratory, males lived 1-3 d and females 1-2 d. In the field, marked flies were not seen on days following their release. Adult behavior indicated an urgency in mating and oviposition dictated by a short life span. Male flight patterns were characterized by in-flight searches for females and intraspecific conf...
Phylogeny of immune recognition: processing and presentation of structurally defined proteins in channel catfish immune responses. This work was undertaken to investigate whether or not antigen processing and presentation are important in channel catfish in vitro secondary immune responses elicited with structurally defined proteins, namely, pigeon heart cytochrome C (pCytC), hen egg lysozyme, and horse myoglobin. The use of in vitro antigen-pulsed and fixed B cells or monocytes as antigen presenting cells (APC) resulted in autologous peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) responding with vigorous proliferation and antibody production in vitro. In addition, several long-term catfish monocyte lines have been found to function a...
Establishment of equine oviduct cell monolayers for co-culture with early equine embryos. A culture for equine oviduct epithelial cells is described. Primary cultures reached confluence in 5-8 days, forming a monolayer of polygonal cells and remaining morphologically intact for about 20 days. Subcultures were obtained by collecting cells detached spontaneously from the monolayers, and confluence was reached again after 5-7 days. Cells frozen before primary culture were confluent 10-15 days after thawing. Dishes containing confluent cells also were frozen, and some cohesive monolayers formed after thawing. Equine embryos, collected 2 days after ovulation, were cultured alone or with...
Mid-metacarpal deep digital flexor tenotomy in the management of refractory laminitis in horses. Deep digital flexor tendon transection at the mid-metacarpus was performed in 20 horses with severe acute or chronic laminitis that was not responsive to conventional treatment. Sixteen horses improved within 72 hours, one horse worsened, and two horses were unaffected by the surgery. Eleven horses survived less than 1 month after surgery and six horses survived longer than 6 months. Three horses surviving longer than 6 months have remained lame and no horse has returned to athletic performance. Transection of the deep digital flexor tendon at the mid-metacarpus may decrease the pain associate...
Rhodococcus equi: an animal and human pathogen. Recent isolations of Rhodococcus equi from cavitatory pulmonary disease in patients with AIDS have aroused interest among medical microbiologists in this unusual organism. Earlier isolations from humans had also been in immunosuppressed patients following hemolymphatic tumors or renal transplantation. This organism has been recognized for many years as a cause of a serious pyogranulomatous pneumonia of young foals and is occasionally isolated from granulomatous lesions in several other species, in some cases following immunosuppression. The last decade has seen many advances in understanding o...
In vitro responses of equine digital vessels to dopamine and fenoldopam. The in vitro responses of isolated vascular preparations of digital arteries and veins obtained from healthy anaesthetised horses were determined for dopamine and fenoldopam. The digital vessels were harvested, cut into 4 mm vascular segments, suspended in tissue baths and attached to force-displacement transducers. Dose-response studies between 10(-8) and 10(-4)M concentrations were performed for all drugs. The change in tension of each vascular ring was measured in grams of force. The reactivity between palmar and plantar digital vessels and baseline vascular responses were determined for do...
Portable data acquisition cart for equine transportation stress study. A remote data sampling cart has been designed and built for studying environmental factors that produce stress in horses during transportation. This dedicated sampling cart uses an XT-compatible mother board powered by a 12 V battery, with customized BIOS and ROM program. Sampling is performed using two digital and eight A/D (bipolar, differential) channels in burst mode at a frequency of 1 kHz. Digitized data are stored on magnetic tape for retrieval after the experiment. Configuration of sampling parameters is accomplished via a serial communications link to a host computer, and is stored in...
[The estimation of platelet factor 3 activity in horses, cattle, sheep and pigs by the use of synthetic chromogenic tripeptide substrates]. The aim of this study was to investigate the platelet factor 3 activity in platelet-rich plasma of horse, cattle, sheep and pig, by the use of chromogenic tripeptide substrate H-D-Phenylalanyl-Pipecolyl-Arginyl-p-nitroanilide. Among species examined the highest activity of this factor was stated in pig, the lowest one in sheep. Chromogenic substrate test was 10 times more sensitive that Stypven clotting time test. Thus, the use of chromogenic tripeptide substrate is fully valuable in platelet factor 3 activity estimation in domestic animals.
Influence of pregnancy on diurnal and seasonal changes in glucose level and activity of FDPA, AlAT and AspAT in mares. 1. The diurnal changes in the glucose level and in activity of FDPA, A1AT and AspAT in four pregnant standard-bred mares were studied. 2. As a control four barren mares, were kept and examined in the same conditions. 3. Blood samples were taken every 4 hr for one day, each month, throughout pregnancy, or one year. 4. A diurnal rhythm in activity of A1AT and AspAT in barren mares was found. The pregnancy masked diurnal rhythm in activities of both transaminases. 5. No diurnal rhythm in glucose level and FDPA activity in both groups of mares was observed. 6. Seasonal cyclicity was found in all i...
[Immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the bovine eye and of equine sarcoid]. Squamous cell carcinomas of the bovine eye and equine sarcoids are briefly reviewed. A single injection of BCG into the tumour results in permanent regression of the lesion in 37 per cent of the cattle, regression followed by recurrence of the tumour in 26 per cent and in progressive growth of the tumour in 37 per cent of the cases. Recurrence may be prevented by repeated injection into the lesion. From 50 to 60 per cent of the cows will remain free from tumours. Equine sarcoids show a complete regression in 70-80 per cent of the cases. Tumours on the limbs show a less satisfactory response (l...
Haem binding to horse spleen ferritin. Horse spleen ferritin, a spherical protein shell of 24 subunits, contains no haem when extracted. This contrasts with ferritins isolated from bacterial sources which have the capacity to bind up to 24 haem groups [(1990) FEBS Lett. 271, 141-143] via two methionine residues [(1990) Nature 341, 771]. Here it is shown that horse spleen ferritin can bind between 15 and 17 haems per 24 subunits with an apparent association constant of 2.2-3.2 x 10(4) M-1. The strength of haem binding appears to be unaffected either by the presence of the core or by the oxidation state of the haem. The demonstration...
Chemical restraint and analgesia in the horse. Chemical restraint in the standing horse is used for a variety of procedures in veterinary medicine. The choice of agent depends on the physical status, temperament, and size of the patient; the procedure to be performed; and safety for the patient, veterinarian, and owner. The combination of certain agents may provide more desirable restraint and analgesia than does the use of individual agents. The use of analgesics in the horse is not without side effects, some of which may be detrimental to the patient's condition. Analgesics should be chosen with these untoward effects in mind. Draft bree...
[Detection of dexamethasone in horses]. Due to their marked antiinflammatory effect, synthetic corticosteroids are used to mask illness, especially lameness in horses. The detection of these drugs in equine body fluids requires accurate methods, particularly where misuse of corticosteroids is suspected. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is well established as a reliable technique for the identification of drugs in biological fluids. Using GC/MS, we determined dexamethasone levels in horse urine and serum after intravenous application of a therapeutic dose. Dexamethasone was detectable, in serum for up to six hours, and in...
[The diagnosis of adrenal cortical function in animals using hormone analysis]. This paper describes the use of hormone analysis in the diagnosis of adrenal cortex dysfunction in the dog, cat and horse. Analytical problems concerning the determination of corticosteroid levels are discussed and the pathology of adrenal dysfunction is briefly presented. The paper focuses on the problems in establishing physiological norms for adrenal function based on the established assays. Own experiences and other reported data are referred to.
An outbreak of trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi on the island of Madura, Indonesia. During an outbreak of trypanosomiasis in cattle, buffalo and horses on the island of Madura, a survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in the region. Blood samples were collected from 130 cattle and 147 buffalo in 5 villages, whole blood was examined for trypanosomes by the microhaematocrit (MHCT) method and serum samples were subjected to an enzyme linked immuno absorbent assay to detect T. evansi antibodies. T. evansi was detected by MHCT in 50% of the buffalo examined and 13% of the cattle, while antibodies were detected in 47% of the buffalo and 30% of the ca...
[Animal nutrition for veterinarians–recent cases of clinical disorders in horses after intake of ionophore-containing feed]. Anamnesis and clinical signs of horses form five different stables after ingestion of ionophores are reported and techniques of feed examination are described. Within a few hours or days after feeding of new types or batches of concentrates horses fell ill. They showed colic-like symptoms with intense sweating and ataxia. Most of the sick animals died within a short time span. Samples of the concentrates were analysed and different types and amounts of ionophores were detected. In four cases contamination by monensin in concentrations of less than 5 mg to 679 mg/kg feed were found. One feed sa...
Monitoring equine anesthesia. In conclusion, monitoring the depth of anesthesia plays an integral role in the anesthetic regimen. Although the use of sophisticated monitoring equipment has replaced some of the art of anesthesia and made assessment of depth of anesthesia more precise, a vigilant clinician still needs to serve as the animal's advocate. He or she must gather the data that are generated by machines, acquire data that monitoring equipment cannot obtain, assimilate all the facts, and make appropriate changes in anesthetic management.
Bioavailability of ascorbic acid in horses. The bioavailability of ascorbic acid administered to thoroughbreds by intramuscular injection was investigated. For intramuscular injection two preparations were studied, and the percentage bioavailability up to 24 h of 10 g of ascorbic acid was 95% +/- 22 in four horses and 60% in two horses with preparations A and B, respectively. Bioavailability at 24 h in three horses injected subcutaneously with 10 g of preparation B was 82%. Intramuscular injection of both preparations was apparently well tolerated while subcutaneous injection of preparation B (pH 6.0) was associated with marked irritanc...
[From Rumanian folk medicine: Non-specific stimulus therapy using transcutaneous implantation of hellebore (Helleborus purpurascens, Fam. Ranunculaceae) in agriculturally useful animals]. In the Rumanian traditional medicine a transcutaneous implantation of the root of Helleborus purpurascens is used to provoke leucocytosis and neutrophils with the aim to activate chronic diseases for better healing. The skin is perforated with a thick needle (in cattle and horses in the area of the thorax, in sheep and pigs in the ear flap), the transplant is introduced and after 24 hours removed. Though the method is more than 100 years old, it is not reported in the literature. The way of action is unknown. The investigation are performed to show the efficacy of this method of Helleborus-imp...
Biochemical analysis of normal articular cartilage in horses. Articular cartilage specimens from the distal articular surface of 32 radiocarpal bones from 24 2- to 5-year-old horses were analyzed. The total collagen content was determined on the basis of the 4-hydroxyproline content, using a colorimetric method. A method for estimating the proportions of types-I and -II collagen by measuring spectrophotometric densities of specific cyanogen bromide peptide bands from mixtures of types-I and -II collagen on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels was used. The cyanogen bromide peptides representative of each collagen types-I and -II were identified. Th...
Cleavage line patterns of the skin in the horse. In 6 equine specimens of both sexes, the morphological features of the cleavage lines of the skin over the entire body were examined using a metal probe with a sharp conical point. Wounds were produced on the skin with the probe and painted with Chinese white or Indian ink. The direction of running of the cleavage lines was determined from their relationship to the long axis of each region or area of the physical structure. The cleavage lines of the head and face revealed a fixed pattern in all specimens. They were similar to those of equine fetuses of 6 to 7 months of age. A transverse patter...
