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Topic:Animal Science
Animal Science and horses encompass the study of equine biology, physiology, and management practices aimed at understanding and improving horse health, welfare, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, and behavior, to address the needs of horses in diverse contexts such as sports, work, and companionship. Research in this area often focuses on optimizing feeding strategies, enhancing breeding programs, and developing effective health management protocols. Additionally, studies explore the genetic factors influencing traits such as athleticism and disease resistance, as well as the impact of environmental and management conditions on horse behavior and welfare. This page gathers peer-reviewed research and scholarly articles that investigate the scientific principles underpinning equine science and their practical applications in horse care and management.
Evaluation of an analytical method for the diagnosis of cantharidin toxicosis due to ingestion of blister beetles (Epicauta lemniscata) by horses and sheep. An analytical method for cantharidin, using high performance liquid chromatography, was applied to field specimens from horses and sheep with blister beetle (Epicauta lemniscata) poisoning. Stomach content and urine proved to be valuable aids in diagnosis. One incident of cantharidin toxicosis in ruminants (sheep) was confirmed.
Combined immunodeficiency of Arabian horses: confirmation of autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. A 3-year prospective breeding trial was designed to verify the mode of inheritance of combined immunodeficiency (CID) in Arabian horses. Twenty-six mares that had previously produced foals with CID were mated to a stallion that had sired foals with CID. Of 53 foals obtained, 15 (28.3%) had CID. The ratio of female to male foals was 28:25, and the ratio of female CID to male CID foals was 8:7. The results of this trial confirmed a suggestion that CID in Arabian horses is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
Clinical approach to determine the contribution of the palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves to the innervation of the equine fetlock joint. To determine the sensory nerve supply of the metacarpophalangeal joint, lameness was induced in eight horses by injecting the joint with a glycerin suspension of glass micropheres. When the medial and lateral palmar nerves were anesthetized in 4 horses, there was noticeable improvement in the gait, but each horse remained lame. When the medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves were also anesthetized, 3 of the 4 horses became sound. To confirm the results of local anesthesia, neurectomies were performed on a second group of four horses. The lameness was alleviated only upon resection of both...
Ultrastructure of the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell of mammalian lung: II. A comparison of horse, steer, sheep, dog, and cat. Two morphologic characteristics have been used to define the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cell: abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum (AER) and membrane-bound avoid granules. To assess the ultrastructural homogeneity of this cell type in the lungs of large domestic mammals used as experimental models in pulmonary research, we evaluated lungs of horse, steer, sheep, dog, and cat. Bronchioles of known anatomic location were examined by electron microscopy following fixation by airway infusion at standard pressure and processing by selective embedding techniques. Nonciliated bronchiolar ...
Antibodies to snowshoe hare virus of the California group in the horse population in Nova Scotia. A large number of North American equine samples were tested for the California group of arboviruses (CAL). Of 861 equine sera tested by hemagglutination inhibition using the snowshoe hare virus as an antigen, 106 (12.3%) were positive. Neutralization tests confirmed antibodies to this virus in 72 of the positive sera. This study provides evidence of CAL activity in the domestic animal population of Nova Scotia.
[The effect of inbreeding on the manifestations of some physiological traits in the Kladrub Black Horse strain]. Inbreeding was used in the regeneration process in the breeding of the Kladrub Black Horse. Inbreeding rate is realized in practice, as related to the manifestation of the selected characteristics of this unique horse population. The evaluation of the effect of inbreeding on conception rate and fertility did not demonstrate any differences between the group of inbred mares and non-inbred mares. The study was conducted in mares used for breeding for 10 years. The results provide evidence that inbreeding causes no depression in this characteristics in the Kladrub Black Horse which would otherwis...
Ultrasonic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions in the horse, dog and cat. A beam of pulsed ultrasound was used to treat musculoskeletal disorders in 53 horses and 143 dogs and cats. The cases were spread over seven years and 533 separate insonations were made. Doses, which varied according to the lesion, ranged from 0.2 to 3 watts/cm2 for five minutes in each treatment. In 63 per cent of the cases, rapid and complete resolution occurred.
Lameness caused by inflammation in the distal hock. Since horses ridden at a gallop have a high incidence of bone spavin, and harness horses (Standardbred pacers and trotters) have a different
syndrome, they will be discussed separately. Osteoarthritis (bone spavin) apparently is caused by impact and compression on the distal tarsal
bones, which occurs most forcefully at the gallop (canter). Shear stresses, which occur in the joint between these bones, are most severe at the trot
or pace, and probably cause the usual cunean-tarsitis problem in
Standardbreds. Obviously some of each force occurs at each gait.
[Animals and their masters. Psychological and psychopathological aspects]. Animals have always occupied a privileged place beside man and with him form a couple, a duality. In the first part the authors study the psychology of the adopted animal. Then they look at greater length into the personality of his owner, with particular insistence on the reasons for acquiring it, on the choice of animal (dog, cat, horses), on the part it plays in the life of its master, and on the latter's reaction at his companion's death. They also tackle the problem of man's abnormal behaviour in relation to animals, especially bestiality.
Skin surface lipids of the horse. Skin surface lipids from the sides of male and female horses (Equus caballus) were collected in acetone and analyzed by thin layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. The sole components in both sexes were cholesterol, cholesteryl esters and the lactones of 32-, 32- and 36-carbon omega-hydroxy acids, each including a methyl group in the n-1 position. Most of the lactones were monounsaturated (either n-8 or n-10), but small amounts of saturated and dienoic species were present. A pooled sample of the skin surface lipids contained 14% cholesterol, 38% cholesteryl esters and 48% lactone...
Discrimination learning in horses: effects of breed, age and social dominance. The discrimination learning ability of Quarter Horses and Thoroughbreds was compared by means of visual cues in a three-choice test with food as a reward. Quarter Horses learned significantly faster than Thoroughbreds, and learning progressed more rapidly for both breeds in a second discrimination task. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and rate of learning. Quarter Horses tended to be less reactive than Thoroughbreds, but individual emotional reactivity ratings and learning scores were not correlated. No correlation was found between social dominance and learning sco...
[Estimation of the heritability coefficient of stud fertility]. The breeding documentation of the English Thoroughbred horse breeding farm at Napajedla was analyzed to study some effects acting upon the fertility of studs and mares and the length of gravidity. The heritability of fertility is the subject of this report. The normality of the distribution of fertility was tested by processing 300 data on fertility at the given significance level sup / Fn(xi) - F(xi) / less than or equal to Dn(a). The value of the supreme D(300) = 0.108 is lower than the critical level for alpha 0.05. The estimation of fertility heritability coefficient indicates that h2 = 0....
Electromagnetic measurement of cardiac output during exercise in the horse. Aortic root blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic (EM) flow meter in unanesthetized horses during rest and exercise. The cardiac output response to exercise, as determined by the EM technique, was compared with the response reported by others who used indicator dilution techniques with good agreement. The EM method will allow making measurement of cardiovascular responses to exercise in the horse, not obtainable with other techniques.
The effect of trypsin digestion on the structure and iron-donating properties of transferrins from several species. The effect of trypsin digestion on iron-saturated and iron-free (apo) human, rabbit, bovine, pig and horse tranferrins has been studied. Iron-binding fragments were produced only from iron-saturated pig and bovine transferrins although some cleavage of the polypeptide chain occurred in all cases. The apo-transferrins were generally degraded to a greater extent than the corresponding iron-saturated proteins. The ability of the different transferrins to donate iron to rabbit reticulocytes varied in the order rabbit approximately pig greater than human approximately horse greater than bovine. Try...
A freeze-thaw method for concentrating plasma and serum for treatment of hypogammaglobulinaemia. Components of plasma or serum, including immunoglobulins, were concentrated two-fold by freezing then collecting 40-50% of the initial volume during thawing. This concentrated plasma (or serum) was administered intravenously to treat hypogammaglobulinaemic foals and calves. An adaptation of this method suitable for field use is described.
Equine locomotion: 2. The analysis of coordination between limbs of trotting standardbreds. A high-speed cinematographic analysis of interlimb time and linear gait characteristics was carried out at racing speed (12.0 m/sec; 1:23.6 min/km) in 30 clinically sound Standard-bred trotters. In respect of the whole group of horses the racing trot was found to be a very regular and symmetric gait. The variation coefficient between different horses ranged from 8 to 21 per cent depending on the particular characteristic being investigated. The variations recorded in individual animals were about 60 per cent less than those found for the whole group. The most stable characteristics were the du...
