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Topic:Antisera
Antisera refer to blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens, produced by the immune system in response to exposure to these antigens. In horses, antisera are commonly used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, particularly in the treatment of venomous bites or stings, and in combating infectious diseases. The production of equine antisera involves immunizing horses with a particular antigen and subsequently collecting and processing their blood to extract the serum rich in antibodies. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the production, application, and efficacy of antisera in equine medicine, as well as advancements in safety and regulatory considerations in their use.
Cross-reactivity studies of horse, goat and rabbit anti-lymphocyte globulin. In the sera of ten normal humans and twenty-eight candidates for organ transplantation, the passive haemagglutination test detected a 50% incidence of preformed antibodies of low titre directed against horse serum. Such antibodies were also found to cross react with goat or rabbit sera in most instances. Seventeen of the organ recipients were later studied after the institution of treatment with horse antihuman-lymphocyte globulin (ALG). The incidence of anti-horse-serum antibodies rose to 100%. At the same time, an increased activity against goat serum developed; cross-reactions against rabbi...
The response of ponies to Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2. II. Immunoglobulin classes of antibody to the virus in serum and nasal secretions. Nasal secretions and serum were collected from ponies in order to determine the types of immunoglobulins responsible for antibody activity against Myxovirus influenzae A-equi 2. Using specific antisera to remove each immunoglobulin, the antiviral activity of serum was shown to be a property of IgG globulin, whereas in nasal secretions activity was found in both IgG and IgG(T) globulins. However in secretions the predominant activity was attributed to IgG(T) globulin. Because of its sensitivity to 2 mercaptoethanol, early serum antibody was assumed to belong to the IgM class of immunoglobulins....
WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera. Third report. This paper smmarizes the results of the third part of co-operative studies undertaken by the WHO International Reference Centre for Enteroviruses and a number of WHO Regional Virus Reference Centres and WHO Virus Collaborating Laboratories and other laboratories in a comprehensive testing programme of enterovirus equine antisera prepared for long-term use as reference antisera. The studies were designed to appraise the specificity of the immune serum of horses inoculated with prototype enteroviruses (coxsackie-viruses A1, A5, A6, A12 and A22 and echoviruses 5, 6, 13-16, 18-20, 22-26, 29 and 32...
Electron microscopy of equine infectious anemia virus. Equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus was observed in thin sections of infected cultured horse leukocytes by electron microscopy. The virus particles had a spherical shape and were between 80 and 120 nm in diameter. Most of them contained an electron-dense nucleoid 40 to 60 nm in diameter. They were observed to form by a process of budding from the plasma membrane and appeared to have thin surface projections. The particles described were not detected in uninfected cultured cells, and their appearance could be prevented by adding EIA immune serum to the inoculum. The implications of these findi...
WHO collaborative studies on enterovirus reference antisera: second report. This paper summarizes the results of the second part of co-operative studies undertaken by the WHO International Reference Centre for Enteroviruses and a number of WHO Regional Virus Reference Centres, WHO Virus Collaborating Laboratories and other laboratories in a comprehensive testing programme of enterovirus equine antisera. The studies were designed to appraise the specificity of immune serum prepared in horses against 16 representative prototype enteroviruses (polioviruses 2 and 3, coxsackieviruses A7, B1, B2, B4, B5 and B6 and echoviruses 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 17). Tests for neutrali...
