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Topic:Body Fat
Dietary fat and exercise conditioning effect on metabolic parameters in the horse.
Journal of animal science
December 1, 1980
Volume 51, Issue 6 1330-1339 doi: 10.2527/jas1981.5161330x
Hambleton PL, Slade LM, Hamar DW, Kienholz EW, Lewis LD.Four isocaloric diets containing 4, 8, 12 and 16% dietary fat (as soybean oil) were fed to four horses at four intervals according to a Latin square design. After 3 weeks of conditioning at each interval, diet effects were evaluated by trotting all horses at 3.2 m/sec for 6 hours. Pre- and posttrotting responses were measured in muscle and liver glycogen, serum long-chain fatty acids, serum electrolytes, serum enzymes, serum cholesterol, plasma glucose, packed cell volume and hemoglobin. Dietary fat was highly correlated with exercise-induced plasma glucose changes and with cholesterol concent... Body composition of the horse.
Equine veterinary journal
January 1, 1979
Volume 11, Issue 1 39-47 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01295.x
Webb AI, Weaver BM.Seventeen horses were dissected and their organs and tissues weighed. The results of these dissections are presented together with comparisons of the data with that already available in the literature. Predictive equations for organs and tissue weights are also given which were derived by comparison of linear and allometric regression models using 4 different body weight indices. Blood volumes and total body water in the domestic pony.
Journal of applied physiology
March 1, 1973
Volume 34, Issue 3 341-343 doi: 10.1152/jappl.1973.34.3.341
Deavers S, Rosborough JP, Garner HE, Huggins RA, Amend JF.No abstract available Unusual adipose tissue growth in a colt.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
November 15, 1972
Volume 161, Issue 10 1141-1142
Blackwell JG.No abstract available [Fatty acid composition of depot fat in various body regions of the horse].
Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde
July 1, 1972
Volume 29, Issue 6 285-289
Lingk W.No abstract available Properties of Animal Depot Fat in Relation to Dietary Fat.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture
August 1, 1965
Volume 16 452-455 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740160806
DAHL O, PERSSON KA.The quality of the depot fat in ruminants is only slightly affected by the dietary fat. Non-ruminants like pigs, however, deposit ingested unsaturated fatty acids selectively. This may give rise to a depot fat with a higher iodine value than the dietary fat. BLOOD volume, body water and fat in the horse.
Nutrition reviews
January 1, 1958
Volume 16, Issue 1 14-15 doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1958.tb00612.x
No abstract available Blood volume, body water and body fat of the horse.
Journal of applied physiology
May 1, 1956
Volume 8, Issue 6 651-653 doi: 10.1152/jappl.1956.8.6.651
JULIAN LM, LAWRENCE JH, BERLIN NI, HYDE GM.No abstract available Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares.
Equine veterinary journal
October 1, 1983
Volume 15, Issue 4 371-372 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.x
Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF.No abstract available Read More 247
Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses.
Equine veterinary journal
January 1, 1988
Volume 20, Issue 1 41-45 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01451.x
Carroll CL, Huntington PJ.Three hundred and seventy two horses of varying breeds, height and fatness were weighed and measured for height at the withers. They were assessed for condition score by adaptation of a previously published method. The heart girth and length of 281 of the horses were also measured. Weight of horses was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) with height (r2 = 0.62), condition score (r2 = 0.22) and girth2 x length (r2 = 0.90). Nomograms were constructed to predict weight from height and condition score, and girth and length measurements. Weight can also be accurately estimated from the formula: (... Read More 116
Apparent adiposity assessed by standardised scoring systems and morphometric measurements in horses and ponies.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
April 28, 2008
Volume 179, Issue 2 204-210 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.02.029
Carter RA, Geor RJ, Burton Staniar W, Cubitt TA, Harris PA.This study described a scoring system for the assessment of apparent neck adiposity and evaluated morphometric measurements for assessment of neck and overall adiposity. Twenty-one barren Thoroughbred mares, 13 Arabian geldings and 75 Welsh, Dartmoor, or crossbred pony mares, were clinically examined and blood samples analysed for insulin, glucose, leptin, and triglycerides. Bodyweight (BW), height, length, girth and abdominal circumferences, neck length, neck crest height and neck circumference were measured, and body condition scores (BCS) and cresty neck scores (CNS) were rated. Girth:heigh... Read More 73
Prevalence of obesity in riding horses in Scotland.
The Veterinary record
May 6, 2008
Volume 162, Issue 18 590-591 doi: 10.1136/vr.162.18.590
Wyse CA, McNie KA, Tannahill VJ, Murray JK, Love S.No abstract available Read More 51
Relationships among inflammatory cytokines, obesity, and insulin sensitivity in the horse.
Journal of animal science
January 30, 2007
Volume 85, Issue 5 1144-1155 doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-673
Vick MM, Adams AA, Murphy BA, Sessions DR, Horohov DW, Cook RF, Shelton BJ, Fitzgerald BP.Recent studies associate obesity and insulin resistance in horses with development of abnormal reproductive function and debilitating laminitis. The factors contributing to insulin resistance in obese horses are unknown. However, human studies provide evidence that elevated inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), IL1, and IL6 play direct roles in development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. Thus, inflammation may be a key link between obesity and insulin resistance in horses. The aim of the current investigation was to examine possible relationships betw... Read More 42
Obesity prevalence and associated risk factors in outdoor living domestic horses and ponies.
PeerJ
March 20, 2014
Volume 2 e299 doi: 10.7717/peerj.299
Giles SL, Rands SA, Nicol CJ, Harris PA.Reasons for performing study. The prevalence of obesity in companion animals, including horses and ponies has risen drastically in recent years and risk factors have been little investigated. Horses are unique amongst companion animals in that many are outdoor-living and forage independently on pasture; they also have a dual utility and companionship role. The body condition of wild and free-living equines is known to vary seasonally, yet previous estimates of the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors in domestic animals do not consider this. Most previous studies were conducted du... Read More 37
Nutritional ecology of obesity: from humans to companion animals.
The British journal of nutrition
November 21, 2014
Volume 113 Suppl S26-S39 doi: 10.1017/S0007114514002323
Raubenheimer D, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Gosby AK, Simpson S.We apply nutritional geometry, a framework for modelling the interactive effects of nutrients on animals, to help understand the role of modern environments in the obesity pandemic. Evidence suggests that humans regulate the intake of protein energy (PE) more strongly than non-protein energy (nPE), and consequently will over- and under-ingest nPE on diets with low or high PE, respectively. This pattern of macronutrient regulation has led to the protein leverage hypothesis, which proposes that the rise in obesity has been caused partly by a shift towards diets with reduced PE:nPE ratios relativ... Read More 32
Obesity and diet affect glucose dynamics and insulin sensitivity in Thoroughbred geldings.
Journal of animal science
September 13, 2003
Volume 81, Issue 9 2333-2342 doi: 10.2527/2003.8192333x
Hoffman RM, Boston RC, Stefanovski D, Kronfeld DS, Harris PA.Insulin resistance is considered a risk factor in obesity, laminitis, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and osteochondrosis. The objective was to use the minimal model to estimate glucose effectiveness (Sg) and insulin sensitivity (Si) in nonobese to obese horses initially adapted to forage only, then adapted to forage plus supplements rich in starch and sugar (SS) or fiber and fat (FF). Ten Thoroughbred geldings, with BCS of 5 (nonobese), 6 (moderately obese), and 7 to 8 (obese), were adapted to pasture and hay, allocated to two groups, and fed SS or FF in a switch-back design with 8 wk of adaptatio... Read More 32
The Equine Gastrointestinal Microbiome: Impacts of Age and Obesity.
Frontiers in microbiology
December 7, 2018
Volume 9 3017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03017
Morrison PK, Newbold CJ, Jones E, Worgan HJ, Grove-White DH, Dugdale AH, Barfoot C, Harris PA, Argo CM.Gastrointestinal microbial communities are increasingly being implicated in host susceptibilities to nutritional/metabolic diseases; such conditions are more prevalent in obese and/or older horses. This controlled study evaluated associations between host-phenotype and the fecal microbiome / metabolome. Thirty-five, Welsh Mountain pony mares were studied across 2 years (Controls, = 6/year, 5-15 years, Body Condition Score (BCS) 4.5-6/9; Obese, = 6/year, 5-15 years, BCS > 7/9; Aged, = 6 Year 1; = 5 Year 2, ≥19 years old). Animals were individually fed the same hay to maintenance (2% bo... Read More 28
Prevalence of obesity in a population of horses in the UK.
The Veterinary record
January 17, 2011
Volume 168, Issue 5 131 doi: 10.1136/vr.c6281
Stephenson HM, Green MJ, Freeman SL.No abstract available Read More 27
Adiposity, plasma insulin, leptin, lipids, and oxidative stress in mature light breed horses.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine
March 20, 2013
Volume 27, Issue 3 576-582 doi: 10.1111/jvim.12056
Pleasant RS, Suagee JK, Thatcher CD, Elvinger F, Geor RJ.Increased blood insulin levels are associated with an increased risk of pasture-associated laminitis in equids. Objective: To determine the relationship between plasma insulin, leptin, and lipid levels, and measures of oxidative stress with adiposity in mature light breed horses. Methods: 300 randomly selected light breed horses, aged 4-20 years. Methods: A random sample of horses (140 mares, 151 geldings, and 9 stallions) was drawn from the VMRCVM Equine Field Service practice client list. Evaluations occurred June 15 - August 15, 2006, with all sampling performed between 0600 and 1200 hours.... Read More 27
Use of body condition scores in clinical assessment of the provision of optimal nutrition.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
September 8, 2000
Volume 217, Issue 5 650-654 doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.650
Burkholder WJ.No abstract available Read More 26
Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression profiles in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots of insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive light breed horses.
Journal of veterinary internal medicine
July 24, 2010
Volume 24, Issue 4 932-939 doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0551.x
Burns TA, Geor RJ, Mudge MC, McCutcheon LJ, Hinchcliff KW, Belknap JK.Insulin resistance has been associated with risk of laminitis in horses. Genes coding for proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are expressed more in visceral adipose tissue than in subcutaneous adipose tissue of insulin-resistant (IR) humans and rodents. Objective: To investigate adipose depot-specific cytokine and chemokine gene expression in horses and its relationship to insulin sensitivity (SI). Methods: Eleven light breed mares. Methods: Animals were classified as IR (SI=0.58+/-0.31x10(-4) L/min/mU; n=5) or insulin sensitive (IS; SI=2.59+/-1.21x10(-4) L/min/mU; n=6) based on results o... Read More 26
Microbiome and Blood Analyte Differences Point to Community and Metabolic Signatures in Lean and Obese Horses.
Frontiers in veterinary science
September 20, 2018
Volume 5 225 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00225
Biddle AS, Tomb JF, Fan Z.Due to modern management practices and the availability of energy dense feeds, obesity is a serious and increasingly common health problem for horses. Equine obesity is linked to insulin resistance and exacerbation of inflammatory issues such as osteoarthritis and laminitis. While the gut microbiome is thought to play a part in metabolic status in horses, bacterial communities associated with obesity have yet to be described. Here we report differences in metabolic factors in the blood of obese, normal and lean horses correlated with differences in gut microbiome composition. We report that ob... Read More 26
The Effect of Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Course of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Therapy.
Stem cells international
October 22, 2018
Volume 2018 4274361 doi: 10.1155/2018/4274361
Alicka M, Marycz K.Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly associated with a modern lifestyle. The prevalence of MetS has reached epidemic proportion and is still rising. The main cause of MetS and finally type 2 diabetes occurrence is excessive nutrient intake, lack of physical activity, and inflammatory cytokines secretion. These factors lead to redistribution of body fat and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurrence, resulting in insulin resistance, increase adipocyte differentiation, and much elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Cellular therapies, especially mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)... Read More 25
Effect of increased adiposity on insulin sensitivity and adipokine concentrations in different equine breeds adapted to cereal-rich or fat-rich meals.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
February 12, 2016
Volume 214 14-20 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.002
Bamford NJ, Potter SJ, Baskerville CL, Harris PA, Bailey SR.The relationships between diet, obesity and insulin dysregulation in equids require further investigation due to their association with laminitis. This study examined the effect of dietary glycaemic load and increased adiposity on insulin sensitivity and adipokine concentrations in different equine breeds. Equal numbers of Standardbred horses, mixed-breed ponies and Andalusian horses were provided with ad libitum hay plus either cereal-rich (CHO; n = 12), fat-rich (FAT; n = 12) or control (CON; n = 9) meals over 20 weeks. The isocaloric CHO and FAT diets were fed to induce obesity ... Read More 22
Effect of dietary restriction on body condition, composition and welfare of overweight and obese pony mares.
Equine veterinary journal
September 16, 2010
Volume 42, Issue 7 600-610 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00110.x
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Cripps P, Harris PA, Argo CM.Increased prevalence of obesity among UK horses and ponies demands evidence-based advice to promote weight loss. Objective: Restriction of dry matter intake (DMI) to 1% of body mass (BM, 67% [corrected] of predicted maintenance digestible energy [DE] requirements) would promote weight loss without compromise to health. Methods: Five mature (mean ± s.e. 10 ± 2 years), overweight/obese pony mares (BM, 257 ± 20 kg: body condition score [BCS] 6.8/9 ± 0.5) were studied over 12 weeks. Animals were individually housed. Daily provision of a chaff-based, complete diet (measured DE, 8.5 MJ/kg DM) wa... Read More 21
Assessment of body fat in the pony: part I. Relationships between the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue, body composition and body condition.
Equine veterinary journal
March 4, 2011
Volume 43, Issue 5 552-561 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00330.x
Dugdale AH, Curtis GC, Harris PA, Argo CM.Evaluation of equine body fat content is important for nutritional and clinical purposes. However, our understanding of total body fat and its regional distribution in the body is sparse. Currently, body fat evaluation relies on the subjective assessment of body condition score (BCS), which has never been validated against 'gold standard' chemical analysis or dissection measurements in ponies. Objective: To define the relationships between subjective (BCS), objective (morphometric) indices of body fat and 'gold standard' measurements of actual body composition. Objective: BCS and morphometry o... Read More 21
Overview of horse body composition and muscle architecture: implications for performance.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
December 31, 2002
Volume 164, Issue 3 224-234 doi: 10.1053/tvjl.2001.0702
Kearns CF, McKeever KH, Abe T.Locomotion requires skeletal muscle to sustain and generate force. A muscle's force potential is proportional to its weight. Since the larger the muscle the larger its potential power output, a better understanding of the proportion of skeletal muscle a horse possesses may lead to a better understanding of horse performance. Several techniques exist to assess body composition, which include dual energy X-ray absorption, underwater (hydrostatic) weighing, derivation from total body water, bio-electric impedance, air displacement, body condition scoring, cadaver dissection and ultrasound. The re... Read More 20
Seasonal adjustment of energy budget in a large wild mammal, the Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) I. Energy intake.
The Journal of experimental biology
November 3, 2006
Volume 209, Issue Pt 22 4557-4565 doi: 10.1242/jeb.02535
Kuntz R, Kubalek C, Ruf T, Tataruch F, Arnold W.Large ruminants respond to changing plant phenology during winter by decreasing voluntary food intake, increasing gut passage time and utilizing body fat reserves. It is uncertain, however, how other large mammals with a non-ruminant digestive physiology cope with winter forage conditions. Therefore, we investigated seasonality of energy intake in a large herbivorous wild mammal, the Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii). Throughout all seasons we used the n-alkane method to measure daily dry matter intake (DMI), diet composition and digestion, and determined an index of gut passage time ... Read More 20
Body condition scoring as a predictor of body fat in horses and ponies.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
May 10, 2012
Volume 194, Issue 2 173-178 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.03.024
Dugdale AH, Grove-White D, Curtis GC, Harris PA, Argo CM.Body condition scoring systems were originally developed to quantify flesh cover in food animals and are commonly used to evaluate body fat in Equidae. The relationship between concurrent estimates of body fat content (eTBF%, deuterium oxide dilution; range, 2.7-35.6%) and subjective appraisals of body 'fatness' (body condition score, BCS; range, 1.25-9/9), was investigated in 77 mature horses and ponies. Univariate (UVM, r(2)=0.79) and multivariable (MVM, r(2)=0.86) linear regression models described the association, where BCS and eTBF% were explanatory and outcome variables, respectively. Ot... Read More 18
In vitro mesenchymal trilineage differentiation and extracellular matrix production by adipose and bone marrow derived adult equine multipotent stromal cells on a collagen scaffold.
Stem cell reviews and reports
July 31, 2013
Volume 9, Issue 6 858-872 doi: 10.1007/s12015-013-9456-1
Xie L, Zhang N, Marsano A, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Zhang Y, Lopez MJ.Directed differentiation of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSC) is critical for effective treatment strategies. This study was designed to evaluate the capability of equine MSC from bone marrow (BMSC) and adipose tissue (ASC) on a type I collagen (COLI) scaffold to undergo chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and form extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro. Following determination of surface antigen expression, MSC were loaded into scaffolds in a perfusion bioreactor and loading efficiency was quantified. Cell-scaffold constructs were assessed after loading and 7, 14 and 21 d... Read More 17
Effects of exercise training on adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and plasma hormone and lipid concentrations in overweight or obese, insulin-resistant horses.
American journal of veterinary research
March 2, 2010
Volume 71, Issue 3 314-321 doi: 10.2460/ajvr.71.3.314
Carter RA, McCutcheon LJ, Valle E, Meilahn EN, Geor RJ.To determine effects of exercise training without dietary restriction on adiposity, basal hormone and lipid concentrations and glucose and insulin dynamics in overweight or obese, insulin-resistant horses. Methods: 12 overweight or obese (body condition score > or = 7), insulin-resistant (insulin sensitivity < or = 1.2 x 10(-4) L/min/mU) geldings. Methods: 4 horses remained sedentary, and 8 horses were exercised for 4 weeks at low intensity and 4 weeks at higher intensity, followed by 2 weeks of detraining. Prior to and after each training period, frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance ... Read More 17
Adiponectin and leptin are related to fat mass in horses.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
June 29, 2005
Volume 172, Issue 3 460-465 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.05.002
Kearns CF, McKeever KH, Roegner V, Brady SM, Malinowski K.Plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin were measured in 23 mature Standardbred mares (age: 10+/-3 years) and 12 weanling fillies (10 Quarter Horse/Belgian crossbreds and two Quarter Horses; aged: 4+/-3 months) to test the hypothesis that adipocytokines are proportional to adiposity in horses. Rump fat thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound and percent body fat (% fat) calculated using a published formula for the estimation of fatness in horses. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were determined using radioimmunoassay. In the absence of purified equine adiponectin or leptin, results... Read More 17
Effect of body condition, body weight and adiposity on inflammatory cytokine responses in old horses.
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
October 31, 2008
Volume 127, Issue 3-4 286-294 doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.323
Adams AA, Katepalli MP, Kohler K, Reedy SE, Stilz JP, Vick MM, Fitzgerald BP, Lawrence LM, Horohov DW.Advanced age is associated with a low-grade, systemic inflammatory response characterized by increased inflammatory cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo, termed inflamm-aging. It is also known that increased white adipose tissue, associated with obesity, leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines. To date, it is unknown whether increased adiposity contributes to the age-related increased inflammatory status. Here we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from old horses compared to young horses have increased inflammatory cytokine production; moreover, fat ol... Read More 16
Weight loss resistance: a further consideration for the nutritional management of obese Equidae.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)
October 30, 2012
Volume 194, Issue 2 179-188 doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.09.020
Argo CM, Curtis GC, Grove-White D, Dugdale AH, Barfoot CF, Harris PA.Evidence-based, weight loss management advice is required to address equine obesity. Changes in body mass (BM), body condition score (BCS), heart (HG) and belly circumference (BG), direct (ultrasonographic) and indirect (D(2)O dilution, bioelectrical impedance analysis [BIA]) measures of body fat as well as indices of insulin resistance (IR) were monitored in 12 overweight (BCS ≥ 7/9) horses and ponies of mixed breed and gender for 16 weeks. Animals were randomly assigned to two groups (Group 1, n=6, BCS 7.6/9 ± 0.6, 489 ± 184.6 kg; Group 2, n=6, BCS 8.1/9 ± 0.6, 479 ± 191.5 kg). Daily d... Read More 16
Prevalence of obesity and owners’ perceptions of body condition in pleasure horses and ponies in south-eastern Australia.
Australian veterinary journal
October 28, 2016
Volume 94, Issue 11 427-432 doi: 10.1111/avj.12506
Potter SJ, Bamford NJ, Harris PA, Bailey SR.To determine the prevalence of obesity within a population of pleasure horses and ponies in Victoria, Australia, and to compare owners' perceptions of their animals' body condition with researchers' assessments. Methods: An observational study plus owner questionnaire. Methods: Ten Pony Club rallies in different regions of Victoria were attended. Information regarding 229 horses and ponies were obtained from owner questionnaires, and owners' perceptions of the current body condition of their animals were assessed using a visual analogue scale. Body condition score (BCS) was assessed by the res... Read More 14
Leptin in horses: tissue localization and relationship between peripheral concentrations of leptin and body condition.
Journal of animal science
December 5, 2002
Volume 80, Issue 11 2942-2948 doi: 10.2527/2002.80112942x
Buff PR, Dodds AC, Morrison CD, Whitley NC, McFadin EL, Daniel JA, Djiane J, Keisler DH.Obesity has been a major concern in the horse industry for many years, and the recent discovery of leptin and leptin receptors in numerous nonequine species has provided a basis for new approaches to study this problem in equine. The objectives were to: 1) clone a partial sequence ofthe equine leptin and leptin receptor genes so as to enable the design of primers for RT-PCR determination of leptin and leptin receptor gene presence and distribution in tissues, 2) develop a radioimmunoassay to quantify peripheral concentrations of leptin in equine, 3) determine if peripheral concentrations of le... Read More 14
Photoperiodic versus metabolic signals as determinants of seasonal anestrus in the mare.
Biology of reproduction
June 22, 2000
Volume 63, Issue 1 335-340 doi: 10.1095/biolreprod63.1.335
Fitzgerald BP, McManus CJ.The objectives of this study were to compare the timing and mechanisms controlling the onset of anestrus in young and mature mares treated either continuously with melatonin and in those that remained untreated. Changes in body weight, subcutaneous body fat measured to provide an estimate of total body fat, and circulating concentrations of leptin were compared throughout the 1-yr experimental period. The results demonstrate that in young mares the timing of anestrus occurs significantly earlier in the year than in mature mares and that mature mares are more likely to exhibit continuous reprod... Read More 13
Effect of increased adiposity on insulin sensitivity and adipokine concentrations in horses and ponies fed a high fat diet, with or without a once daily high glycaemic meal.
Equine veterinary journal
May 13, 2015
Volume 48, Issue 3 368-373 doi: 10.1111/evj.12434
Bamford NJ, Potter SJ, Harris PA, Bailey SR.The relative influences of obesity and adaptation to high glycaemic diets on the development of insulin dysregulation in equids are unclear. Objective: To determine whether increased adiposity per se is responsible for the decreased insulin sensitivity often observed in obese horses or whether a dietary glycaemic response is critically important. Methods: Randomised controlled trial. Methods: Eighteen horses and ponies were studied over a 20-week period. They received ad libitum hay plus either a high fat (low glycaemic) diet (FAT; n = 6) or a similar (isocaloric) diet containing 1.5 g/kg bwt ... Read More 13
