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Topic:Clinical Findings
Clinical findings in horses encompass a range of observable signs and symptoms identified during veterinary examinations that contribute to diagnosing and managing equine health conditions. These findings can include physical observations, such as changes in behavior, posture, or gait, as well as physiological measurements like heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature. Diagnostics may also involve laboratory tests, imaging, and other diagnostic procedures to assess organ function and detect abnormalities. Recognizing and interpreting clinical findings are essential components of veterinary practice, aiding in the identification of diseases, monitoring treatment progress, and guiding therapeutic interventions. This page brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, interpretations, and implications of clinical findings in the context of equine health care.
Treatment of hygromata in horses. A surgical technique of open drainage, using penrose drains and pressure bandages, was used for the treatment of hygromata in four horses. In 3 cases with hygroma of the carpus, one with a secondary infection, there was complete resolution of the condition whereas in the one case with hygroma of the elbow resolution was more protracted because of difficulties in bandaging. The cosmetic and functional results after operation were most satisfactory.
Identification of cartilage wear fragments in synovial fluid from equine joints. Synovial fluids from 72 equine joints were examined for the presence of cartilage debris, and these findings were compared to findings from visual inspection of the articular cartilage surfaces at necropsy. Synovial fluids from 25 joints with visual cartilage damage contained one or more large particles of articular cartilage. Cartilage fragments were not found in synovial fluids from 42 of the 47 apparently normal joints; thus, a correlation may exist between cartilage debris in the synovial fluid and lesions of the articular surfaces.
Effect of total calorific deprivation on host defence in the horse. Horses were deprived of food but not water for a period of five days. There was a progressive decrease in circulating lymphocyte count and compromised host deference. In vitro phagocytosis of yeast fell from a mean of 97 per cent in fed horses to 78 per cent in horses deprived of food for five days. The Arthus response to intradermal challenge with allergens fell to 57 per cent of fed values. These changes indicated that food deprivation increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections; persistent anorexia in chronic bacterial infections may limit the horse's ability to cast off infection....
Equine laryngeal hemiplegia part II: Some clinical observations. Some clinical features of laryngeal hemiplegia in 127 horses are described. Possible aetiologic factors were found in only 11% of affected animals. The onset of clinical signs was either sudden or insidious. The majority of cases were presented because of an abnormal respiratory noise made at exercise. Other clinical signs, particularly those usually attributed to laryngopalatal dislocation, were observed in a substantial proportion of affected animals. In all cases surveyed the left arytenoid was affected, although in 3 animals a bilateral laryngeal dysfunction was noted. Thirty of 65 animals...
Haematological changes during development of acute laminitis hypertension. Experimental carbohydrate overload of 15 horses resulted in consistent haematological changes during development of laminitis hypertension. Significant alterations in packed cell volume, leucocyte differential count, serum glucose levels and protein values occurred before onset of Obel grade 3 lameness and hyperkinetic circulatory state. Blood platelets were significantly decreased 8 h after the onset of severe lameness. Findings in this study were indicative of haemoconcentration due to compartmental fluid shifts and leucocytic stress response consistent with increased circulating adrenogluco...
Percutaneous lung biopsy in the horse. Percutaneous lung biopsies with a cutting needle (Vim Tru Cut) were obtained from 20 horses. The procedure was performed in standing horses under a local anesthesia without sedation. All lung tissue specimens were suitable for histologic examinations and contained both pulmonary parenchyma and large airways. The only complication was hemoptysis in 2 (10%) horses which required no therapy. All horses were subsequently killed, and no gross abnormalities were present at the biopsy site.
Clinical, morphological and endocrinological aspects of cryptorchidism in the horse. The authors analysed clinical, histological and hormonal data obtained from 205 cryptorchid horses. The majority of the unilaterally and bilaterally retained testes were located in the inguinal canal; however, the ratio of inguinal vs abdominal retention appeared to decrease with advancing age. In unilateral cryptorchidism, a pronounced preference was noted for left abdominal retention, whereas for inguinal cryptorchids, the retained testes occurred equally on both sides. Right inguinal retention was found to decrease with advancing age. Histology of cryptorchid testes revealed apparently norm...
Clinical toxicosis and erythrocyte cholinesterase inhibition of trichlorfon combined with mebendazole in horses. Thirty adult horses were used to compare the toxicity and cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition of various dosages of a combination anthelmintic, trichlorfon + mebendazole. Single oral doses of up to 5 times the effective dosage (39.7 mg of trichlorfon and 8.8 mg of mebendazole/kg of body weight) did not result in deaths. Horses given a placebo and horses treated at the recommended dosage rate showed few or no side effects, whereas horses given higher dosages showed dosage-related increases in the severity of clinical signs of organophosphate toxicosis. Dosage-related inhibition of erythrocyte ChE a...
Equine laryngeal hemiplegia, Part I: Physical characteristics of affected animals. Various physical characteristics of horses affected with laryngeal hemiplegia were studied. Appropriate comparisons were made with the populations from which the affected animals were obtained. Statistical evidence is presented which supports the widely held clinical impression that heavy, young, male animals are most susceptible to the disease.
Comparison of two surgical procedures for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses. Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses, with 2 screws crisscrossing the joint, was compared with arthrodesis achieved by placement of 3 screws crossing the joint parallel to the long axis of the bone. The comparison was made by means of radiography, gross and histologic examinations, and motion evaluation. Additionally, the fused 1st and 2nd phalanges resulting from each method were subjected to breaking forces. Motion evaluation and direct examination of the fused area demonstrated that either procedure can be used to achieve arthrodesis consistently, and the breaking pro...
[Prevalence of lungworm D. arnfieldi (Cobbold 1884) in donkeys in Denmark and in horses in herds together with donkeys (author’s transl)]. During a 5 months' period from January to May 1981 faecal samples of 176 donkeys from 59 herds all over the country were examined at the Institute of internal medicine, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen. In addition, the investigation also included 106 horses from 30 of the donkey herds and 34 horses hospitalized with symptoms of dyspnoea and chronic coughing. In all, 87.5% of the donkeys were shown to excrete D. arnfieldi larvae, often in very high numbers, and the larval excretion was the only symptom of lungworm infection. There was no significant correlation betw...
Uterine prolapse in a mare. A prolapsed uterus in a mare and the techniques to successfully replace the organ and prevent complications such as shock, laminitis and metritis are described.
Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in neonatal foals and mature horses. Serum thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3) concentrations were assayed in neonatal foals (1.5 to 4 months) and mature horses (2 to 25 years old) by a modified radioimmunoassay procedure. Blood was collected from 52 clinically healthy foals and horses of various breeds (Thoroughbreds, Quarter Horses, American Saddle Horses, and a single cross-bred horse). Neonatal foals had high serum concentrations of T-4 (mean, 4.02 microgram/dl) and T-3 (192.9 ng/dl) as compared with the values in mature horses (T-4, mean of 1.76 microgram/dl; T-3, mean of 98.69 ng/dl). Stallions had slightly higher T-...
Diagnosis of eastern equine encephalomyelitis by immunofluorescent staining of brain tissue. Brain tissues were obtained from 5 horses with clinical encephalomyelitis during an epizootic in southwestern Michigan in August-September 1980. These tissues were tested for virus by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice and by examination of frozen sections and impression smears by the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was isolated and detected by FA technique in brains of 3 horses which died or were euthanatized within approximately 24 hours of onset of the disease but not from 2 horses at 2 and 3 days after onset. The latter 2 animals...
Anatomy and therapeutic resection of the peroneus tertius muscle in a foal. A foal with a congenital flexure deformity of the right hock was unable to walk because of an abnormally short peroneus tertius (PT) muscle. Tension on the muscle origin and insertions limited the dorsal angle of hock extension to a 70-degrees arc. The intrauterine position of the fetus probably caused the defect. All the PT attachments were dissected in several other limbs, and illustrations made from these dissections were used to study the anatomy and surgical approach. Immediately after resection of the PT muscle, the foal's right hock extended an additional 30 degrees. Two months later, t...
Acute hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, and heinz body formation associated with ingestion of red maple leaves by horses. From June 1975 through June 1979, acute hemolytic anemia developed in 11 horses from 7 New York farms. Of the 7 horses that died, 6 had methemoglobinemia. In the 4 horses that recovered, methemoglobinemia was not observed. but Heinz body formation was seen in 3 of the 4. On 2 of the premises involved, frank methemoglobinemia was observed concurrently with Heinz body formation, suggesting a relationship between the pathogenesis of methemoglobinemia and Heinz body formation in the hemolytic process. In addition to the 11 cases described, 22 clinically similar cases were reported to us during the...
Congenital duodenal stenotic diaphragm in the foal. A two-month-old female foal with duodenal stenosis is described. The foal was in poor condition and showed an abnormal stable behaviour. She stood preferably with her head stretched out and reposing on the mare's back or on the stable ridge. Salivation was an important symptom. Clinical and radiological examination of the oral cavity, the pharynx, and the oesophagus showed no abnormalities, except for the antiperistaltic wave along the oesophagus. Because of her bad condition the filly was euthanized. At post mortem examination, apart from leukoplakia, an erosive ulcerative inflammation was fo...
