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Topic:Clinical Pathology
Clinical pathology in horses involves the study and analysis of biological samples to diagnose and monitor diseases and health conditions. This discipline encompasses various laboratory tests and procedures that assess the physiological and biochemical status of equines. Common analyses include hematology, biochemistry, urinalysis, and cytology, each providing insights into different aspects of equine health. Hematology evaluates blood components, such as red and white blood cells and platelets, to identify conditions like anemia or infection. Biochemistry tests measure enzymes, electrolytes, and metabolites to assess organ function and metabolic status. Urinalysis examines urine samples for indicators of renal function and systemic diseases. Cytology involves the microscopic examination of cells from tissues or fluids to detect abnormalities. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methodologies, applications, and diagnostic value of clinical pathology in equine medicine.
Blood and tissue content of the iso-enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in the thoroughbred. The occasions, position and relative concentration of LDH iso-enzymes in the blood tissues of the thoroughbred horse were determined. Locomotor muscles possess a high concentration of LDH 5 whereas non-locomotor muscles have a low concentration of this iso-enzyme.
Myxoma of the equine respiratory tract. Bronchial myxoma occurred in an aged Arab mare with longstanding respiratory disease wrongly attributed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Blood gas and maximum intrathoracic pressure change measurements were not consistent with this latter diagnosis, and this was supported by aerosol antigen provocation tests. Radiography demonstrated a hilar mass in the thorax, and this proved to be a myxoma at necropsy.
Granulomatous and neoplastic diseases of the skin of horses. Lesions encountered in a clinicopathological study of cutaneous lesions resembling 'swamp cancer' from horses in North Queensland included 37 cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis, 5 of which were also infected with Habronema sp larvae. In addition 9 cases of primary cutaneous habronemiasis, 58 sarcoids, 12 fibromas, 8 fibrosarcomas, 10 squamous cell carcinomas, 4 haemangiomas, 3 melanomas, 1 papilloma, 1 palpebral adenocarcinoma and 7 cases of simple granulation were diagnosed. Subcutaneous phycomycosis resulted in the most extensive lesions. These were rapidly growing and provided the poorest p...
The technique and clinical application of endometrial cytology in mares. Experimental studies of endometrial smears from 26 normal mares showed that after a period of sexual rest exceeding 7 days smears were generally free from inflammatory cells. Smears from 9 mares showing signs of persistent endometritis contained inflammatory cells in 91 per cent while bacterial culture was positive in only 45 per cent. Smears were also taken from 242 Thoroughbred mares as a routine procedure in 1977. It was concluded that endometrial cytology provides a better guide to uterine inflammation than bacteriology. The routine clinical use of endometrial cytology is recommended to ai...
Blister beetle poisoning in horses. Case records of 21 horses with acute illness following ingestion of hay containing dead striped blister beetles (Epicauta spp) were selected for review. Abdominal pain, fever, depression, frequent urination, shock, and, occasionally, synchronous diaphragmatic flutter characterized clinical illness. Hematologic findings included hemoconcentration, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and hypocalcemia. Hematuria and low urine specific gravity were abnormal urinalysis results. Sloughing of the epithelium of the esophageal part of the stomach, hemorrhagic and ulcerative cystitis, enterocolitis, and myocardi...
Malignant medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve in a horse. An 18-month-old Standardbred filly had a large intraocular tumor involving the optic nerve. The tumor was a malignant medulloepithelioma, a rare intraocular neoplasm derived from the primitive medullary epithelium. By light microscopy the tumor had cords and lobules of primitive neuroepithelial cells that formed clefts and true rosettes. Electron microscopy of the rosettes showed a girdle of zonulae adherentes joining the apices of the cells as well as several basal bodies. This is the sixth report of equine intraocular medulloepithelioma, and, to the best of our knowledge, the first intraocul...
Pulmonary artery pressures in normal horses and in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Horses clinically affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were found to have pulmonary artery hypertension which was associated with systemic arterial hypoxia. The pulmonary hypertension in symptomatic COPD-affected horses was partially reversible upon remission of clinical signs or by oxygen administration. The induction of acute hypoxaemia caused an increase in pulmonary artery pressure in both normal and COPD-affected horses.
Haemodynamics in the horse: 1. Pressure pulse contours. Using a catheter with 2 transducers, one mounted at the tip and one 9 cm proximal to it, enabled transvalval pressure waveforms to be recorded in 8 horses. A simultaneous electrocardiogram acted as a time base. The changing waveforms produced in the chambers of the heart and great vessels are described and related to the events of the cardiac cycle. The effect of second degree AV block, ectopic beats, a pan diastolic murmur and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are described.
Tetralogy of Fallot and cranial mesenteric arteritis in a foal. A 5 month old colt foal with recurrent pyrexia and a loud pansystolic murmur later developed signs of cardiac failure. Peritoneal fluid and blood samples both demonstrated an extreme leucocytosis and neutrophilia. At post-mortem both a cranial mesenteric arteritis and the congenital cardiac anomaly, Tetralogy of Fallot were found. The detailed clinical and post-mortem findings contributing to the case are described.
Plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume in horses at rest and following exercise. Plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were determined in horses at rest and immediately after a standardized exercise test. Exercising during training demonstrated no detectable effect on plasma or extracellular fluid volume determinations when compared with resting values. An explanation of this finding and an argument for the proper analysis of plasma and extravascular fluid volumes are presented.
Measurement of neutralizing antibody to equid herpesvirus 1 by single radial hemolysis. Antibody to equid herpesvirus 1, which mediates single radial hemolysis, is that responsible for neutralization. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody is not necessarily involved in neutralization or hemolysis.
Cardiopathological observations on histopathogenesis of wandering pacemaker in horses. Histopathololgical observations were performed on the heart and cardiac nervous system of 5 horses affected with wandering pacemaker. The histopathological lesions common to all the animals were as follows: (1) Focal fibrosis in the atrial myocardium just beneath the subendocardium and/or in the endo- and subendocardium, and existence of atrial Purkinje-like fibers within the fibrotic lesions, (2) Microvascular altetation, characterized by edematous-loosening and/or fibrous swelling of the walls of the small and minute arteries, in both the atria, (3) Edema in the intracadiac nerves of both th...
Short term immobilization in the horse with ketamine CHl and promazine HCl combinations. Combinations of promaxine HCl and ketamine HCl were used to produce short term dissociative anaesthesia in the horse under normal clinical conditions. Premedication with 1 mg/kg promazine HCl followed 5 min later by a rapid i.v. injection of 2 mg/kg ketamine HCl, induced dissociative anaesthesia of 16 +/- 1 min. When 1 mg/kg promazine HCl and a 2 mg/kg ketamine HCl were given simultaneously by rapid i.v. injection, a state of dissociative anaesthesia was induced with a mean duration of 17.1 +/- 2 min. Both treatments permitted minor surgery in the horse.
