Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
In vitro development of equine oocytes from preserved ovaries after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. In this study, we evaluated the meiotic competence of equine oocytes from ovaries preserved for one day. We also investigated fertilization, cleavage rate, developmental competence and freezability of equine embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). After collection from ovaries, the oocytes were classified into two groups comprised of those having compact cumulus layers (Cp) or those having expanded cumulus layers (Ex). Oocytes with a first polar body were subjected to fertilization by ICSI using frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa and were then cultured in CR1aa medium. The rates...
Quantitative HPLC-UV method for the determination of firocoxib from horse and dog plasma. A sensitive reversed-phase HPLC-UV method was developed for the determination of firocoxib, a novel and highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, in plasma. A 1.0 mL dog or horse plasma sample is mixed with water and passed through a hydrophobic-lipophilic copolymer solid-phase extraction column to isolate firocoxib. Quantitation is based on an external standard curve. The method has a validated limit of quantitation of 25 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL. The validated upper limit of quantitation was 2500 ng/mL for horses and 10,000 ng/mL for dogs. The average recoveries ranged from 88-93% ...
Structural and biomechanical aspects of equine sacroiliac joint function and their relationship to clinical disease. Pain originating from the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) in horses has long been associated with poor performance, yet specific diagnosis of sacroiliac dysfunction (SID) has been difficult to achieve. Clinical presentation of SID appears to fall into two categories. The first, presenting as pain and poor performance, is responsive to local analgesia of periarticular structures with poorly defined pathology. The second presents primarily as poor performance with bony pathological changes as a result of chronic instability. Diagnostic tests based on biomechanics as well as manual provocation for SIJ pai...
Pilot study investigating the ability of an herbal composite to alleviate clinical signs of respiratory dysfunction in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), known previously as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a debilitating respiratory condition that significantly contributes to lost training days and illness in racehorses. Herbs are becoming increasingly popular for the prophylaxis or treatment of the clinical signs of RAO despite a paucity of research on efficacy and safety. We evaluated the ability of an herbal composite containing garlic, white horehound, boneset, aniseed, fennel, licorice, thyme, and hyssop to reduce the clinical signs of RAO, hypothesizing that the product would safely red...
Continuous administration of low-dose GnRH in mares I. Control of persistent anovulation during the ovulatory season. Three experiments were conducted during the operational breeding season to confirm that continuous, subcutaneous infusion of low-dose GnRH would not disrupt established estrous cycles (Experiment 1), and test the hypotheses that a similar treatment would stimulate secretion of LH and induce development of ovulatory follicles in persistently anovulatory mares (Experiments 2 and 3). Treatment with GnRH (5 microg/h) increased (P<0.001) serum P4 during the luteal phase (7.7+/-0.5 versus 6.4+/-0.5 ng/mL), tended to increase serum LH (2.6+/-0.27 versus 1.9+/-0.25 ng/mL), and did not modify intero...
Phenotypical assays and partial sequencing of the hsp60 gene for identification of Streptococcus equi. Strangles is an acute and contagious disease characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract of horses. The etiological agent of strangles is the bacteria S. equi subsp. equi, which belongs to the Lancefield group C. Opportunistic agents from the same group are frequently isolated from horses with strangles and may induce mistaken diagnoses. Among the subspecies of S. equi, the phenotypic features are almost undistinguishable; however, the pathogenic potential is widely differentiated. The aim of this study was to characterize S. equi isolates obtained from clinical samples of str...
Bovine colostrum as a biologic in clinical medicine: a review. Part I: biotechnological standards, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics and principles of treatment. Mammals supply their newborn before birth, at birth or shortly after birth with antibodies, immunocytes and humoral constituents. This "borrowed immunity" is a form of passive immunization to protect the newborn against environmental pathogens until it establishes its own pathogen recognition and disposal systems. In cows, goats, horses and some other animal species, most immunoglobulins are obtained from the colostrum, the first milk after birth, via the gut but in humans the majority of immunoglobulins, and those of the IgG-class in particular, are acquired from the mother by placental trans...
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of orally administered firocoxib, a novel second generation coxib, in horses. The primary objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of firocoxib, a novel second generation coxib, in horses. Horses were administered either a single oral or intravenous dose of firocoxib at 0.1 mg/kg in a two-period crossover study with 12 animals. The dosage was based on previously determined pharmacodynamic parameters. Oral firocoxib was well absorbed with an average bioavailability (absolute) of 79% and a Cmax of 75 ng/mL at 3.9 h. The average elimination half-life was 30 h. Following intravenous administration the average Cmax was 210 ng/mL and the eliminatio...
Identification of infrared absorption spectral characteristics of synovial fluid of horses with osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint. To determine the feasibility of the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy within the midinfrared range to differentiate synovial fluid samples of joints with osteochondrosis from those of control samples. Methods: 33 horses with osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint and 31 horses free of tarsocrural joint disease. Methods: FTIR spectroscopy of synovial fluid was used. Sixty-four synovial fluid samples from the tarsocrural joint were collected. Of these, 33 samples were from horses with radiographic evidence of osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint and 31 from control join...
Fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus in horses: 15 cases (1986-2004). To determine clinical and radiographic abnormalities in and outcome of horses with fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus and to develop a radiographic technique for obtaining a cranioproximal-craniodistal oblique projection of the proximal portion of the humerus in standing horses. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 15 horses. Methods: Data collected from medical records included signalment, history, horse use, severity and duration of lameness, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, treatment, and outcome. Results: All horses had a history of acute, unilateral lamene...
Effects of vertebral mobilization and manipulation on kinematics of the thoracolumbar region. To measure passive spinal movements induced during dorsoventral mobilization and evaluate effects of induced pain and spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on passive vertebral mobility in standing horses. Methods: 10 healthy adult horses. Methods: Baseline vertical displacements, applied force, stiffness, and frequency of the oscillations were measured during dorsoventral spinal mobilization at 5 thoracolumbar intervertebral sites. As a model for back pain, fixation pins were temporarily implanted into the dorsal spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae at 2 of the intervertebral sites. Vertebral ...
Clinical signs and etiology of adverse reactions to procaine benzylpenicillin and sodium/potassium benzylpenicillin in horses. Case reports of 59 horses reacting adversely to procaine benzylpenicillin or to sodium or potassium benzylpenicillin in Sweden in 2003-2005 were obtained through contacts with horse-owners. For the assessment of the reports, various parameters were evaluated, such as the times to the reactions, information on previous penicillin treatment, the clinical signs and the actions taken in the reacting horses. Among the reports, two horses had received sodium or potassium benzylpenicillin intravenously, whereas the remaining 57 horses had been treated with procaine benzylpenicillin intramuscularly. A...
Cetirizine in horses: pharmacokinetics and effect of ivermectin pretreatment. The pharmacokinetics of the histamine H(1)-antagonist cetirizine and the effects of pretreatment with the antiparasitic macrocyclic lactone ivermectin on the pharmacokinetics of cetirizine were studied in horses. After oral administration of cetirizine at 0.2 mg/kg bw, the mean terminal half-life was 3.4 h (range 2.9-3.7 h) and the maximal plasma concentration 132 ng/mL (101-196 ng/mL). The time to reach maximal plasma concentration was 0.7 h (0.5-0.8 h). Ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bw) given orally 1.5 h before cetirizine did not affect its pharmacokinetics. However, ivermectin pretreatment 12 h be...
Relationships of follicle versus oocyte maturity to ultrasound morphology, blood flow, and hormone concentrations of the preovulatory follicle in mares. The effects of ultrasound morphology, vascularity, and follicular-fluid hormones of the preovulatory follicle on oocyte recovery rate and on follicle and oocyte maturity rates were studied for 60 spontaneous and solitary preovulatory follicles in mares. An ovulation-inducing dose of hCG was given when the follicle was >or=32 mm (Hour 0), and a procedure for oocyte recovery was done 30 h later (Hour 30). Between Hours 0 and 30, diameter of the follicle increased less and circulating estradiol (E2) concentrations decreased more in groups with successful versus nonsuccessful oocyte recovery an...
A preliminary study of the short circuit current (Isc) responses of sweat gland cells from normal and anhidrotic horses to purinergic and adrenergic agonists. The causal factors of equine anhidrosis have not yet been elucidated but defective electrolyte transport mechanisms in the gland are likely to be involved. To investigate this possibility, experiments were performed on cultured equine sweat gland epithelia from five free-sweating UK horses (3 intact males, 2 mares, aged 2-4 years) and from three free-sweating Singapore horses (1 intact male, 2 mares, aged 3-5 years) and three anhidrotic (Singapore) horses (1 intact male, 1 gelding, 1 mare, aged 3-6 years). Cultured cells from each animal were grown on permeable supports and loaded into Ussing ...
VetCell Bioscience Ltd–regenerative medicine for the world of animal health. VetCell Bioscience is a UK-based company focused on pioneering the use of regenerative medicine in the animal health market. VetCell was formed in partnership with the Royal Veterinary College and the Institute for Orthopaedic and Musculoskeletal Science to develop the use of cellular therapies to treat athletic injuries in horses. This ground-breaking work has been the springboard from which the Company has expanded into other areas of veterinary regenerative medicine.
An investigation into the depth of penetration of low level laser therapy through the equine tendon in vivo. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is frequently used in the treatment of wounds, soft tissue injury and in pain management. The exact penetration depth of LLLT in human tissue remains unspecified. Similar uncertainty regarding penetration depth arises in treating animals. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that transmission of LLLT in horses is increased by clipping the hair and/or by cleaning the area to be treated with alcohol, but is unaffected by coat colour. A LLLT probe (810 nm, 500 mW) was applied to the medial aspect of the superficial flexor tendon of seventeen equine forelim...
Study (1991 to 2001) of drug-resistant Population B small strongyles in critical tests in horses in Kentucky at the termination of a 40-year investigation. Population B, drug-resistant small strongyles have been studied in naturally infected horses in Kentucky for more than 40 years. These parasites first were found to be resistant to phenothiazine (PTZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ), later to other parasiticides. Studies have been on evaluation of antiparasitic efficacy of several compounds, especially the benzimidazoles, against Population B small strongyles in clinical (field) tests (1959-1983) on the commercial farm of origin and in clinical and critical tests (1966-2001) at the University of Kentucky (UK) research farm. Research on these nematodes...
[Prevalence of hereditary diseases in three-year-old Swiss Warmblood horses]. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical signs indicating hereditary diseases like equine sarcoid, osteochondrosis (OC) and the idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH), and to demonstrate relationships between environment, feeding habits and conformation ("exterieur" evaluation) of the horses. For this purpose, we analyzed veterinary examinations of 403 stallions at the approvals since 1994 examined 493 three-year-old Swiss Warmblood horses, which were shown at the Swiss-Field-Tests in 2005. With the help of the owners a questionnaire on health, environment and feeding habits of t...
Tilt table recovery of horses after orthopedic surgery: fifty-four cases (1994-2005). To describe an assisted anesthetic recovery technique using a tilt table for horses after high-risk orthopedic-related procedures and to evaluate outcome. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: Anesthetic recoveries (n=54) for 36 horses. Methods: Medical records (April 1994-October 2005) for horses that had high-risk orthopedic surgery and recovery from general anesthesia on a tilt table were reviewed. Information about the surgical procedure, anesthetic and recovery period was analyzed. Results: Of 54 anesthetic recoveries, 1 horse (1.9%) had complete failure of internal fixation during recov...
The effect of lidocaine on postoperative jejunal motility in normal horses. To measure the effect of lidocaine on the duration of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and Phases I, II, and III of the MMC, spiking activity of the jejunum, and number of Phase III events when administered postoperatively to normal horses. Methods: Nonrandomized cross-over design. Methods: Horses were anesthetized and via flank laparotomy 4 silver-silver chloride bipolar electrodes were sutured to the proximal jejunum. Electrical activity was recorded for 6 hours during 3 recording sessions beginning 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. Saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered for...
Ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage in resting horses during induced swallowing or nasal occlusion. To report ventroaxial luxation of the apex of the left or right corniculate process of the arytenoid cartilage under the contralateral corniculate process during resting endoscopic examination, and morphologic features of the larynx of 1 affected horse. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: Horses (n=8). Methods: Horses had endoscopic examination as part of a survey of Clydesdale horses (n=7), or investigation of poor performance in Thoroughbred horses (1). One Clydesdale was euthanatized and the larynx examined; 4 cadaver larynges from normal horses were also examined. Results: Ventroaxial l...
Infections caused by pathogenic free-living amebas (Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba sp.) in horses. This article describes amebic infections in 4 horses: granulomatous amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris and Acanthamoeba culbertsoni and systemic infections caused by Acanthamoeba sp. The former infection occurred in 1 of 4 horses spontaneously without any underlying conditions; the latter amebic infection was perhaps "opportunistic" considering the visceral involvement by this protozoan in association with Aspergillus sp. and/or Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp. The clinicopathologic findings and demonstration of the amebic organisms using immunohistochemical techniques, ...
Investigation of the molecular detection of vaccine-derived equine herpesvirus type 1 in blood and nasal secretions from horses following intramuscular vaccination. The objective of this study was to investigate whether intramuscular vaccination of healthy adult horses with a killed or a modified live equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine could induce transient positive PCR results in either blood or secretions collected on a nasopharyngeal swab. Four horses in each group received either a single killed or a modified-live vaccine intramuscularly. Two local commingled and 2 distant nonvaccinated controls were included for each group. All horses were observed daily for evidence of clinical abnormalities throughout the study periods. Blood and nasopharyn...
Clinical and pathological studies on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling. Spontaneous intoxication in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling and heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. The clinical status of all horses was monitored for 7 days, and included body (rectal) temperature, respiratory and heart rates, colour and moistness of visible mucosae, changes in pupil size, appetite, thirst, general behaviour, locomotion, sensory perceptions, urination and defaecation. The intoxication was accompanied by altered clinical status, namely mild hyperthermia, tachycardia, polypnoea, dyspnoea and...
Intra-abdominal adhesions in horses: a retrospective evaluation of repeat laparotomy in 99 horses with acute gastrointestinal disease. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of pathological abdominal adhesion formation following exploratory laparotomy; (2) to establish the site of adhesion formation and its relationship to the initial lesion; (3) to ascertain whether the development of intra-abdominal adhesions decreases long-term survival and (4) to identify risk factors for adhesion formation. Of 1014 horses treated surgically for acute gastrointestinal disease, 113 (10.1%) were subjected to repeat laparotomy, with surgical records available for 99 of these cases. Pathological adhesions were the m...
Assessment of serum protein electrophoresis for monitoring therapy of naturally acquired equine cyathostomin infections. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) has previously been suggested as a means of assessing cyathostomin burdens in horses, although SPE used for that purpose is supported by little evidence. This clinical research report describes a study that objectively evaluated the use of SPE on a population of 38 horses following the administration of different anthelmintics. The population was subdivided into three groups, Groups F, M and P: 7.5 mg/kg bwt fenbendazole was administered to Group F on day -12; on day 0 0.4 mg/kg bwt moxidectin was administered to Group M and 19 mg/kg bwt pyrantel was adminis...
Effect of toe and heel elevation on calculated tendon strains in the horse and the influence of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The sagittal alteration of hoof balance is a common intervention in horses, with corrective shoeing being one of the most frequently applied methods of managing tendonitis. However, the effect of toe or heel elevation on tendon strains is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of toe and heel wedges on the superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, and the third interosseous muscle or suspensory ligament strains using in vivo data and an accurate subject-specific model. Kinematic data were recorded using invasive markers at the walk and trot. Computerized...
