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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Influence of acepromazine maleate on the equine haematocrit. The effect of acepromazine maleate (ACP) on the equine venous haematocrit and total plasma protein concentration was studied in six clinically normal horses. Total plasma protein concentration was not appreciably influenced by ACP. However, the haematocrit decreased with the duration, but not the degree, of the decrease being dose-related. Mean haematocrit values returned to control levels by 12 h after 0.05 mg ACP/kg body weight and 21 h after 0.15 mg ACP/kg body weight.
Measurement of tracheal mucous transport rate in the horse. Tracheal mucous transport rates were measured in 12 nonanesthetized horses after an intratracheal injection of 99mtechnetium-sulfur colloid. The transport rate of the subsequent bolus of radioactivity was determined, using a portable scaler rate meter fitted with a high-energy gamma-scintillation probe. A gamma-scintillation camera was used to verify bolus form and movement in 1 horse. The mean tracheal mucous transport rate was 1.66 +/- 0.24 cm/min.
Clinical and endocrine studies during normal and induced parturition in mares. Parturition was induced in 6 mares between Day 327 and 346 of pregnancy using oxytocin (Group I) and in 6 mares between Day 315 and 330 of pregnancy with fluprostenol in combination with oxytocin (Group II). A third group of 4 mares which served as controls were allowed to go to full term (322-340 days) and foal down normally. Parturition occurred within 24-102 min (mean = 61,4; SD = 31,6) in 5 of the Group I mares and within 160-185 min (mean = 173; SD = 10,86) in the mares of Group II. Expulsion of the afterbirth took place between 7 and 206 min (mean = 79; SD = 76,38) and between 7 and 73 m...
Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. VIII. Mean modal vectors of the P wave and the QRS complex. Mean modal vectors of P1, P2 and QRS were determined in the 3 planes of a semi-orthogonal EKG lead system in 17 horses and ponies with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in 17 clinically normal horses and ponies. Subjects were paired so that the heart rates of each pair were not dissimilar by more than 2 cycles per minute. Probably significant differences were observed between the mean angles of P1 vectors in the transverse and sagittal planes (T plane, normal = 324 degrees +/- 24,6 degrees, COPD = 342 degrees +/- 21,0 degrees, t = 2,0, P less than 0,05; S plane, normal = 331 deg...
Evaluation of clinical and luteolytic effects of a novel prostaglandin analogue in normal and problem mares. Alfaprostal (K 11941), a novel prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue was clinically tested in 24 dioestrous mares, 40 anoestrous mares and 31 postpartum mares, all being given 2 or 3 mg intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken for the determination of plasma progesterone levels and the objective confirmation of luteolytic drug effects. Two hundred and thirty-six mares at the same location were used for comparisons of the rates of pregnancy, early embryonic loss and foaling. Alfaprostol was found to act as a potent luteolytic agent with good oestrus induction, follicular development and normal conce...
Aggregation of equine platelets by PAF (platelet-activating factor). Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a lipid released as a result of immediate allergic reactions from basophils and mast cells as well as by a variety of other cell types and stimuli, is one of the most potent platelet agonists and hypotensive agents known. Equine platelets stimulated over a wide range of PAF concentrations aggregated in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Maximum aggregation was observed at concentrations of PAF as low as 3.58 x 10(-14) M with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and 3.58 x 10(-16) M with washed platelets. Furthermore, the aggregation observed did not appear to be breed-d...
Effect of ambient temperature upon the surface temperature of the equine limb. Ten clinically healthy adult horses were examined with the portable infrared thermometer at ambient temperatures of 5, 15, and 25 C to evaluate the thermal response of limbs of the horse to variations of ambient temperature. Limb surface temperature varied in direct proportion to changes in the ambient temperature, with considerable variation occurring among individual horses, especially at the lower temperatures. Areas of proximal parts of the limbs were more resistant to temperature variation than were distal parts. Ambient temperature had a statistically significant, but clinically unimport...
Surface receptors for IgG and complement on equine alveolar macrophages. Isolated equine alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage of four live ponies demonstrated surface receptors for equine IgG, equine IgM, and complement-coated sheep red blood cells, but not equine IgM or complement-coated erythrocytes alone. In addition, demonstration of IgG receptors was found to depend on the level of erythrocyte sensitization and could not be demonstrated by red blood cell rosetting techniques at low levels of sensitization. Demonstration of receptors for equine complement by red cell rosetting techniques required the presence of both IgM antibody and serum d...
Automatic noninvasive sphygmomanometry in horses. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures and heart rate were determined in 73 horses, using an indirect automatic oscillometric technique. Blood pressure and heart rate data obtained by sphygmomanometry were compared with similar data obtained from cannulation of the horses' facial or dorsal metatarsal arteries. Good correlation between direct (actual) and indirect (oscillometric) blood pressures and heart rate measurements were obtained when the heart rate was low, using high sensitivity setting. Cardiac arrhythmias or hypotension prevented oscillometric measurements from being ...
Pharmacokinetics of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) in horses. The pharmacokinetics of the anti-convulsant phenytoin were investigated in clinically healthy horses after oral (p.o.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration. A single dose of phenytoin (8.8 mg/kg body weight) was given i.v. as a bolus to nine horses and one horse received 13.2 mg/kg. A two-compartment open model was used to describe the disposition of phenytoin. Four of the horses that received an i.v. dose (three at 8.8 mg/kg and one at 13.2 mg/kg) were then given the same dose 3 days later by the oral route. Phenytoin achieved a peak concentration in serum within 1-4 h after p.o. administrat...
Evaluation of mebendazole used concurrently with piperazine monohydrochloride in horses. Forty horses from a herd known to have benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles were treated with mebendazole (8.8 mg/kg) or combinations of mebendazole and piperazine monohydrochloride (25, 40, or 55 mg of piperazine base/kg). Pretreatment and 7-day posttreatment fecal examinations were done. Fecal cultures and strongyle egg per gram (epg) counts, and in vitro testing for benzimidazole resistance were performed. Results of fecal examinations prior to treatment were similar in all horses, and results of testing were positive for benzimidazole resistance. Horses treated with mebendazole and pip...
[The value of blood progesterone determination about 18 days post ovulation for pregnancy testing in mares]. The reliability of determination of the plasma progesterone level within approximately eighteen days after ovulation in the pregnancy diagnosis of mares is examined in the present study. Studies were done in seventy-five mares, a number of which were served or inseminated during several cycles so that a total number of eighty-seven blood samples were obtained. On the analogy of other authors, the progesterone level above which mares were believed to be pregnant and below which they were assumed to be non-pregnant, was set at 2 ng/ml. The twenty-five mares in which the level was below 2 ng/ml. ...
An in vitro study on joint fitting and cartilage thickness in the radiocarpal joint of foals. The change in the degree of fitting of the opposing articular cartilage surfaces of the radiocarpal joint of foals was studied in vitro using a pneumatic loading device. The thickness of the articular cartilage of the distal radius was examined using radiographic and histological techniques. The thickest cartilage corresponded with the approximate centre of the contact area of the opposing articular surface. The variations in articular cartilage contact area and thickness are discussed.
