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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Physiologic effects of succinylcholine chloride in mechanically ventilated horses anesthetized with halothane in oxygen. Succinylcholine chloride, administered to horses anesthetized with halothane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, caused slight but significant (P less than 0.01) increases in heart rate. Significant alteration in mean arterial blood pressure did not occur, and there were clinically insignificant increases in serum K+ and C1- concentration. Cardiac dysrhythmia and myoglobinuria did not occur. Thus, effects of halothane anesthesia and mechanical ventilation prevented cardiac dysrhythmia and hypertension and greatly reduced the tachycardia generally associated with siccinylcholine administrati...
Assessment of myocardial function in the horse. 1. Theoretical and technical considerations. The paper discusses the various parameters which are currently used in attempts to assess the contractile efficiency of the myocardium in various species. These procedures depend upon accurate recording of intracavity pressure. The response of a catheter-mounted microtransducer compared with a fluid-filled catheter manometer system is illustrated to show the advantage of the former in providing a true representation of pressure changes.
Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of xylazine-morphine sulfate in horses. The cardiopulmonary effects of two xylazine-morphine sulfate drug combinations (mixtures) given IV were evaluated in horses. In horses given xylazine (0.66 mg/kg of body weight) and morphine sulfate (0.12 mg/kv) IV (experiment 1), there were significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in heart rate, cardiac output, and respiratory rate. Central venous pressure was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased. Arterial and pulmonary arterial blood pressures increased significantly (P less than 0.05) but transiently. Arterial blood gas tensions (PaCO2 and PaO2) and pH remained unchanged. In the horse...
A re-evaluation of the D (+) xylose absorption test in the horse. The absorption of d-xylose forms the basis of a useful screening test in the investigation of small intestinal disorders in the horse. A comparison has been made of different assay methods and there was no significant difference between the results obtained with the parabromoaniline (PBA) method or the ferric chloride-orcinol (FCO) method. The orthotoluidine method was unsatisfactory. The anticoagulant agent did not affect the test. A dose of 0.5 g commercial grade xylose/kg body weight as a 10 per cent solution given by stomach tube, produced a peak plasma xylose level after 90 min and should...
Evaluation of equine radial and median nerve conduction velocities. Eleven ponies and 13 horses were used to develop a technique for determining conduction velocity for the radial and median nerves and establishing normal limits for these values. One pony was euthanatized to determine the course of the radial and the median nerves. From this dissection, both proximal and distal stimulation sites for the radial and the median nerves were selected, as well as areas for recording muscle evoked responses from the abductor digiti I longus (extensor carpi obliquus) and the radial head of the deep digital flexor muscles. The other ten ponies and the horses were used ...
Nitrous oxide: effect on accumulation rate and uptake of bowel gases. Breathing 79% nitrous oxide (N2O) in oxygen increased the rate of accumulation of bowel gas during intraluminal bowel segment infusions of hydrogen, methane (CH4), air, or carbon dioxide (CO2) in four pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs more than did breathing 100% oxygen. A N2O-associated increase in the volume of naturally produced intestinal gas in five halothane-anesthetized ponies corroborated the findings in the dog studies. In a second group of four dogs a bolus of CH4 or CO2 was injected into the bowel lumen. When the dogs breathed O2 the bowel gas volume decreased. Gas was virtually absen...
Isolation and characterization of antibodies to Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin from hyperimmune horse serum. Antibodies against epsilon toxin were isolated from hyperimmune horse serum by affinity chromatography. Purified epsilon prototoxin covalently bound to Affigel 202 was used as immunosorbent, and antibodies were eluted with 6.0 M guanidine chloride. In a single run 80 mg of antibody could be recovered from a 20 microliter column of immunosorbent. The antibody was shown to belong to the IgG(T) class of immunoglobulins.
Effects of restrictive suckling on postpartum reproductive performance in mares. Quarter Horse mares (n = 30) and their foals were used in a 2-year study. Objectives of the study were (i) to determine the effects of a treatment regimen, which permitted nursing for four 1-hour periods each day, on the postpartum reproductive performance of the dams, and (ii) to assess the effects of this procedure on the growth and development of foals. Mares in the restricted suckling treatment group showed estrus and ovulated sooner (P less than 0.01) after parturition than did control mares during the first year of the study, but not during the second year. Plasma progesterone concentrat...
[Entero-colitis in the horse. A description of 46 cases (author’s transl)]. A description is given of 46 cases of non-parasitic enteritis, treated in the Large Animal Clinic during the period 1965--77. A group of 12 horses showed an acute or peracute clinical course with rapid development of shock and high lethality (83 per cent). A smaller group of 9 horses showed a subacute course while 22 horses had chronic enteritis with intermittent diarrhoea--often semisolid like cow's dung--increased peristalsis, weight loss and, in some cases, hypoproteinaemia with subcutaneous edema. Lethality rate in this group was appr. 40 per cent. Predisposing factors--especially physical...
Phenylbutazone toxicity in ponies. The oral administration of phenylbutazone at a dose rate of approximately 10 mg per kg per day for seven to 14 days resulted in the development of signs of toxicity in seven of eight ponies treated. Clinical signs included anorexia, depression and abdominal oedema. Blood biochemical determinations showed a decrease in total plasma protein and calcium concentrations with an increase in urea concentration. These changes were considered indicative of water retention. Three of the ponies died during treatment following the development of shock. Shock was considered to arise from the submucosal oed...
The irritancy of chlorhexidine gluconate in the genital tract of the mare. Uterine irrigation was carried out in eight Welsh pony mares using 50 ml of chlorhexidine gluconate solution diluted to give active ingredient concentrations of 0.25 per cent to 2 per cent. Treatment was repeated up to twice in mares showing no adverse effects and irritancy of treatment judged on clinical symptoms and uterine biopsy. Results indicated the inadvisability of using a higher concentration than 0.25 per cent. Three daily applications of a diluted surgical scub solution containing 2 per cent chlorhexidine gluconate to the penis of an arab stallion failed to produce symptoms or irrit...
Isocapnic hyperpnea in awake ponies during inspiration of 4% CO2. Unanesthetized ponies were given 4% CO2 (inspired CO2 pressure = 28 Torr) to breathe at two levels of arterial O2 pressure (PaO2): 1) near 75 Torr and 2) near 200 Torr. During 4% CO2 breathing, at either level of PaO2, the mean arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) was unchanged from control measurements (control measurements were made at the same PaO2, but with no CO2 in inspired air), suggesting that awake ponies can "clear" 4% CO2. The ability of individual ponies to clear 4% CO2 was quite variable: some ponies did not clear 4% CO2 and others cleared 4% CO2 on one day but not on the following day. ...
Objective tests of analgesic drugs in ponies. An equine model, subjected to three kinds of pain (superficial, deep, and visceral) was used to test effects of analgesic drugs. Two groups of ponies were used. In the first group of six ponies, six drugs (fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, and xylazine) were given according to a Latin square experimental design, and tests were made at 30-minute intervals for 4 hours. Mean values (control) for the three kinds of pain were obtained before and after the tests and were compared with the mean values (drugs) obtained over 2- and 4-hour intervals (four and eight measurements ...
