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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
New techniques to measure blood cholinesterase activity in domesticated animals. A macromethod and a semimicromethod were developed to measure erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, and swine, and to measure plasma cholinesterase activity in horses, dogs, and swine. Comparison of the 2 methods with erythrocytes of sheep, cattle, goats, and horses indicated both methods gave similar results. They can be done in a shorter time and are more sensitive than Michel's method. Normal deltapH values per minutes, with standard deviations for blood cholinesterase activity of animals of different ages, sexes, breeds, and species, were: 0.76 +/...
Flow rates from an intermittent positive pressure breathing-anesthetic delivery apparatus for horses. Inspiratory flow rates were measured and compared in an equine intermittent positive pressure breathing-anesthesia delivery apparatus powered by a positive phase ventilator, a positive-negative phase ventilator, and a modified positive phase ventilator with automatic flow acceleration at driving pressures of 2,600, 4,400, and 5,200 mm of Hg (50, 85, and 100 psi). The last-named apparatus consistently produced the highest flows for a given ventilator setting and driving pressure. Regardless of the unit used, the greater driving pressures and high ventilator range settings produced the greatest ...
Immunoglobulin G subclass [IgG and IgG(T)] interaction with the P26 group specific antigen of equine infectious anemia virus: immunodiffusion and complement-fixation reactions. Isolated equine immunoglobulin (Ig)G(T) antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus P26 antigen did not precipitate with antigen when the ratio of antibody to antigen was high. However, at lower ratios of antibody to antigen precipitation occurred. In addition, complement-fixation by IgG and P26 antigen was inhibited by high concentrations of IgG(T). The unusual reaction pattern noted with IgG(T) antibodies was still detectable by the immunodiffusion test for equine infectious anemia virus. In situations of nonprecipitability by IgG(T), the adjacent positive control line was inhibited, and th...
Epiglottic entrapment in the horse. The diagnosis and surgical correction of epiglottic entrapment is described. Four cases are presented each with a different history. They serve to illustrate that the aetiology is complex, being either congenital or acquired. The use of a thorough endoscope examination is stressed in order to successfully diagnose this condition.
Anoestrous conditions in the mare, their diagnosis and treatment. The condition of anoestrus in the mare is described and the various causes of this syndrome are discussed. A regimen for examining systematically the clinically anoestrus mare is proposed, and methods of treatment are suggested.
Echocardiography in the horse. Echocardiograms were obtained from 25 standing, clinically normal horses, using an ultrasonic recording device. The echobeam penetrated the right thoracic wall in the area of the 4th to 5th intercostal space, with a frequency of 2.5 mHz. Measurements of left ventricular wall thickness generated a mean value of 3.2 +/- 0.18 (SEM)cm, whereas the left ventricular chamber diameter in diastole was 9.3 +/- 0.30 cm and in systole was 5.7 +/- 0.23 cm. The aortic root dimensions had a mean of 7.7 cm, with a SEM of 0.16. Mitral valve closing slope (E-F) was calculated to be 17.7 +/- 0.87 mm/second, and ...
Tissue distribution and blood levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the horse. In the horse, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was found to be mainly located in the kidneys, liver and pancreas. As renal lesions are followed by a urinary escape of enzyme, it can be assumed that if there are raised serum enzyme levels then the source will be chiefly from the liver and pancreas. In the blood, GGT can be measured either in plasma or serum. Its mean level in 58 horses was 12 U/L. This level was not affected by moderate dilution or slight haemolysis and its activity was only slightly decreased by storage at--30 degrees C. The relative hepatic specificity of this enzyme and its ...
Some haematological and biochemical parameters in race horses in Hong Kong. Haematological and biochemical values were determined in 2 groups of flat-race horses, which were trained on the same track in Hong Kong. The first group comprised 217 horses (435 blood samples) from various training strings. The second group, 66 horses (309 blood samples) were from one string kept under similar managemental conditions, but given salts by stomach tube 8 hours before blood sampling. Both groups were sub-divided to show the efs, thus confirming work by other authors. The lower haematological values in the group of horses given salts were discussed and the effect of water retenti...
Exercise studies in horses: 1. A simple telemetry system for recording excercise ECGs in horses. A robust low cost portable radiotelemetry system is described for the horse and its method of operation and advantages briefly discussed. The equipment consisted of 2 electrodes forming a bipolar lead, a transmitter, a receiver and a writing device. The sitting, application and immobilising of the electrodes was a most important factor in obtaining good quality recordings. ECGs were recorded at all paces and also while jumping and the results proved satisfactory.
Horses lung: Report of two cases. Two cases of horseshoe lung are described; one was suspected and the other was diagnosed preoperatively. Both underwent successful surgical treatment. The embryology of this anomaly is briefly reviewed with reference to the closely related scimitar syndrome (anomalous venous return of right lung to inferior atriocaval junction). Diagnostic studies are discussed with stress on the need for a thorough functional evaluation of both the heart and lungs before the surgical indication is made.
Reproductive function in stallions treated with cambendazole. Twenty stallions were used to determine if the anthelmintic cambendazole affected seminal characteristics, spermatogenesis, concentration of testosterone in blood serum, or weights of the reproductive orgrans. With minor exceptions, significant differences were not found between values for 10 control and 10 stallions treated with a single oral dose (40 mg/kg body weight) of cambendazole. The treatment did not affect reproductive function and it was concluded that the drug should have no effect on the fertility of stallions.
[Long-term therapy using horse anti-dog lymphocyte globulin without sensitization against horse protein]. Eight mongrel dogs received a standard daily i.v. infusion of 20 mg/kg b.w. deaggregated horse-anti-dog-lymphocyte-globulin (ALG) and additional prednisolone (1 mg/kg b.w. daily i.v.) over a maximum period of 82 days following pretreatment with deaggregated normal horse IgG. No sensitization against horse protein was observed during therapy of afterwards as proved by lack of humoral antibodies against horse antigens, maintained lymphopenia, good compatibility, longterm prolongation of xenogeneic skin graft survival (85.6+/-20.6 days, n=8' untreated controls 12.5+/-1.3 days, n=4) and longterm s...
Isolation of mycoplasmas from the genital tract of horses. Vaginal swabs from 19 mares and penile swabs from 4 stallions were cultured for mycoplasmas. A single semen sample from one of the stallions was also examined. Twelve vaginal swabs and 2 penile swabs yielded mycoplasmas. Ten of the positive vaginal swabs were from mares with vaginitis, or with a history of failure of conception. Two were from apparently healthy mares, but one had been served by an infected stallion. One positive penile swab was from a stallion with ulcerative lesions and the other from a stallion with breeding difficulties. All 14 strains of mycoplasma utilised arginine, and t...
Effect of prostaglandin analogue on progesterone-treated pony mares during early pregnancy. Seven Welsh pony mares (9 pregnancies) received either 50 mg, 100 mg or 150 mg progesterone on alternate days, starting on day 21 of gestation. All but 2 pregnancies failed following prostaglandin administration on day 27. Although both mares were receiving the 150 mg progesterone dose rate, this treatment was not consistently successful in preventing pregnancy failure after prostaglandin administration.
Arteriography in ponies with Strongylus vulgaris arteritis. Radiographs of the aorta and abdominal arteries were obtained from a normal anesthetized pony following catheterization of a femoral artery for nonselective, semiselective or selective arteriography. The arteries had smooth borders and regular diameters and the branches of the cranial mesenteric artery could be followed distally on the angiogram through to the smaller branches proximal to the bowel wall. Following arteriography, the pony walked normally and there were minimal alterations of the levels of serum muscle enzymes and blood lactate. The procedures for arteriography were repeated in ...
