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Topic:Disease Diagnosis
Disease diagnosis in horses involves the identification and characterization of illnesses through various diagnostic methods and tools. This process is essential for effective veterinary care and management of equine health. Techniques used in diagnosing diseases in horses include clinical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and radiography, and molecular diagnostics. Blood tests are frequently utilized to assess parameters such as complete blood count and biochemical profiles, which can indicate underlying health issues. Additionally, advancements in genetic testing and biomarker identification have enhanced the ability to detect specific diseases early. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore diagnostic methodologies, their applications, and their impact on equine health management.
Amino-acid sequence of equine renal metallothionein-1B. The amino-acid sequence of a metallothionein is reported. Metallothionein is a widely distributed, extremely cysteine-rich, low-molecular-weight protein containing large amounts of cadmium and/or zinc. Metallothionein-1B is one of the two prinicipal variants occurring in equine kidney cortex. The single-chain protein contains 61 amino acids and has the composition Cys20 Ser8Lys7Arg1Ala7Gly5Val3Asp2Asn1-Glu1Gln2Pro2Thr1Met1(Cd + Zn)7. Its amino-terminal residue is N-acetylmethionine. The sequence shows distinct clustering of the twenty cysteinyl residues into seven groups separated by stretches...
Insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive endocrine cells in the equine pancreas. Equine pancreas was investigated with immunohistochemical methods to study the distribution of endocrine cells immunoreactive to anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, and anti-somatostatin. A-cells demonstrable by anti-glucagon are located in the center of Langerhans islets and frequently in the duct epithelium. Few A-cells are seen associated to acini. Anti-insulin reactive B-cells form a large zone around the center of the Langerhans islets in which some B-cells lie between exocrine cells and others, although few, are located in the duct epithelium. D-cells stained with anti-somatostatin serum form a...
Granulomatous enteritis in nine horses. Granulomatous enteritis was diagnosed in 9 horses between 1 and 11 years of age. The complaint in all cases was persistent weight loss. Four of the horses had chronic diarrhea. Two consistent diagnostic features were hypoalbuminemia and decreased phagocytic activity of mesothelial cells in the peritoneal fluid. In 2 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the rectal mucosa. Remaining cases were definitively diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy and biopsy or at necropsy.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of cystlike lesions of the equine paranasal sinuses. Development of cysts in the equine paranasal sinuses is probably a congenital disease; however, signs may not appear for several years. In 4 cases, clinical signs were observed when fluid accumulation within the cysts resulted in nasal discharge or facial swelling, or when secondary infection occurred. Treatment required surgical removal of the lining membrane and other involved tissues. Postoperative care included lavage of the sinuses and systemic antibiotic therapy.
Equine infectious anemia virus: evidence favoring classification as a retravirus. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has a density of 1.154 g/cm3 in sucrose a high-molecular-weight RNA similar in size to Rauscher murine leukemia virus, and an internal virion reverse transcriptase that utilizes the synthetic RNA template poly(rA) but not the synthetic DNA template poly(dA), both with (dT)12 as primer. Although capable of utilizing manganese at low concentrations (approximately 0.1 mM), EIAV reverse transcriptase showed highest activity in the presence of 9 mM magnesium. The major protein of EIAV has a slightly lower molecular weight than the comparable protein of type C v...
Leukoencephalomalacia: a mycotoxicosis of Equidae caused by Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. When 2 horses were dosed with cultures of a Fusarium moniliforme isolate that had previously caused only hepatosis, 1 developed brain oedema and hepatosis, and the other only leukoencephalomalacia. A 3rd horse developed both leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis after being dosed with another isolate obtained from maize which was associated with a natural outbreak of the nervous form of the disease. Since leukoencephalomalacia and hepatosis could be induced by the same culture material, it was concluded that both syndromes were manifestations of the same toxicosis. There was also some evidence t...
Apparent propagation of the equine infectious anemia virus in a mosquito (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say) ovarian cell line. A tissue culture of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say ovarian cells appeared to support the growth of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. Shetland ponies inoculated with 2nd, 7th, 9th, and 11th passages of mediums harvested from infected tissue culture had clinical signs of the disease and became EIA positive on 11, 19, 23, and 43 days after inoculation, respectively.
The rate of rise of intraventricular pressure as an index of myocardial contractility in conscious and anaesthetised ponies. Measurements of the rate of rise of left ventricular blood pressure (dP/dt) have been made in conscious and anaesthetised ponies. Concurrent measurements of heart rate, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular pressure were also made in order to assess their relationship to values of dP/dt. Thiopentone-halothane and thiopentone-ether anaesthesia reduced the maximal rate of rise of intraventricular pressure (dP/dt max) from conscious control levels. After correcting for variations in the loading conditions of the ventricle, the depressant effect of halothane was still apparent, but the actio...
[On Setaria spp; (Nematoda, , Filarioidea, Setariidae) from the peritoneal cavity of equine spp.: two new sub-species, Setaria equina theilerae from wild Zebra of Africa, and Setaria equina dafaallai from horse and donkey of southern Sahara area (author’s transl)]. 1) Setaria equina (Abildgaard, 1789) is from the Horse and Donkey of Eurasia (and of America and the coastal stripe of North Africa). 2) Setaria equina theilerae n.sub.sp. is from the Zebra of Africa. 3) Setaria equina defaallai n.sub. sp. is from the Horse and the Donkey of southern Sahara area of the Ethiopean Region of Africa, from the Nile valley till to the western coast. 4) Crossing between S. equina and S. e. theilerae may be possible, as their host spp. does with the resultant bastard offspring experimentally.
The prevalence, relative abundance and site distribution of nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae in horses killed in Britain. A total of 21 species of Cyathostominae was found in the lumen of the large intestine of 86 mature horses of various ages and breeds killed in south-west England during 1972-1974. Cylicostephanus longibursatus, C. goldi, C. calicatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, C. coronatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus were found in over 80% of the horses, while 12 of the remaining species were detected in less than 30%. Quantitative studies on 55 horses showed the adult cyathostome burdens to rise to a sharp peak (average over 400,000/horse) in April-June and a lower one in November-December. Parallel fluctuations ...
