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Topic:Disease
The study of diseases in horses encompasses a wide range of conditions affecting equine health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic abnormalities. These diseases can impact various systems within the horse, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems, and can lead to significant health challenges. Research in this area focuses on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of equine diseases. Common diseases studied include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, and laminitis. This page provides access to peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of diseases in horses, contributing to the advancement of equine veterinary medicine.
Correlation between DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki and host animal source. Isolates (n = 147) of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki from cattle, swine, horses, and wildlife were analyzed by DNA restriction endonuclease analysis. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified in DNA digested with HpaII, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms were correlated with the host animal source of the isolates. These results will be useful in understanding the epidemiology of serovar pomona infections in livestock.
Intestinal ciliates found in the feces of Japanese native Tokara pony, with the description of a new genus and a new species. The composition of intestinal ciliates excreted in the feces of 20 Tokara native ponies kept in Iriki farm of Kagoshima University was surveyed. Eleven genera consisting of 18 species were identified based on the description of Strelkow. One new genus including a new species, Wolskana tokarensis n. gen., n. sp., of the family Buetschliidae was recognized and described. The average ciliate density of all horses was 13.8 x 10(3)/ml. Those of stallions (n = 5), mares (n = 11) and foals (n = 4) were 3.9, 16.1 and 43.3 x 10(3)/ml respectively. The value of stallions was significantly lower and that...
Lack of virulence of the murine fibroblast adapted strain, Kentucky A (KyA), of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in young horses. The virulence of the cell culture adapted KyA strain of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), which lacks at least six genes by deletions in its genome, was assessed by intranasal inoculation of six young horses that were serologically negative for EHV-1. No horses showed clinical signs, and a neutralizing antibody response against EHV-1 was detected in two horses which had antibodies against EHV-4 prior to the inoculation. A challenge experiment using a highly virulent strain of EHV-1 conducted 4 weeks later against 4 of the 6 horses inoculated intranasally with the KyA strain and 2 control hors...
[Spectrum of species and incidence of endoparasites in foals and their mother mares from breeding farms with and without anthelmintic prophylaxis in upper Bavaria]. In this epidemiological study 37 foals and mares were included, which have been coproscopically examined in regular intervals over a period lasting up to 13 months. The animals derived from nine breeding farms. In three of these farms no anthelmintics were used before this investigation, whereas in six farms at least three years before regular prophylactic treatments with anthelmintics have been carried out. This investigation revealed no differences in the species spectrum of endoparasites as well as in the incidence of infections as regards to the breeding farms with and without anthelmintic...
The Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (CTVM) pulling its weight in the field of draught animal research. Draught animal research carried out by scientists at the Centre for Topical Veterinary Medicine (CTVM) in Edinburgh and overseas is reviewed and the major findings are reported. The remit for the work has been to provide basic information on draught animals which can be applied by researchers and extension workers to their own geographic situations. Instrumentation is described which has been designed and manufactured to assist in the measurement of draught animal performance, particularly work output and energy consumption. Energy requirements of cattle, buffaloes and equids for work and ways...
[Congenital bile duct cysts and liver fibrosis in a foal]. A three-week-old foal was submitted to the clinic because of a minor traumatic injury at the lower jaw. At admission the foal exhibited diarrhea, a distended abdomen and reduced general condition. These findings could not be associated with the injury. On abdominal radiography decreased abdominal detail and a dorsocaudal displacement of the intestine was present. Ultrasonographically multiple fluid-filled cystic structures of several centimeters in diameter were identified. These cystic structures appeared to be associated with the liver. At laparotomy and at necropsy the liver was markedly en...
Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from foals. Serotype, biotype, antibiogram, hemolysin production, fimbrial hemagglutinins, select toxin genes (STb, STaP, LT, slt1 and slt2) and the attaching effacing (eae) gene were determined for 99 foal strains of E. coli. E. coli from diarrheic and normal foals could not be distinguished by serotype, biotype, or antibiogram. Differences (P < or = 0.05) were observed in hemolysin production (11.5% vs 0%) and the expression of mannose-resistant hemagglutinins (23% vs 13%) among E. coli from diarrheic and healthy foals, respectively. Three of the E. coli strains from diarrheic foals were positive wit...
Obstructive pulmonary disease in 18 horses at summer pasture. The clinical features of 18 cases of summer pasture associated obstructive pulmonary disease were reviewed. The horses had signs of obstructive pulmonary disease (expiratory dyspnoea, wheezing and crackling lung sounds and coughing) during the spring, summer or autumn while they were kept permanently at grass with no access to hay or straw, for at least two consecutive years. In nine cases there was a seasonal incidence with the disease occurring during April and May. Eleven of the horses were affected by bouts of severe dyspnoea. Eleven of the horses also suffered from chronic obstructive pul...
Actinobacillus suis septicaemia in two foals. A 24-hour-old Hackney ony filly developed signs of weakness, depression and a poor suck reflex, with harsh lung sounds over both fields, and a 48-hour-old Arabian colt from a normal birth which had sucked vigorously developed loose stools and became depressed, weak and anorectic. Both foals had serum IgG concentrations greater than 800 mg/dl, but each had a severe neutropenia with a left shift, and blood cultures from both of them yielded Actinobacillus suis. The A suis isolates had different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and, in the case of the Arabian, the isolate was resistant to co...
Basement membrane pathology: a feature of acute equine laminitis. Thirty-two dorsal, mid-hoof wall, lamellar sections from 8 Standardbred horses, humanely killed 48 h after the administration of an alimentary carbohydrate overload, were sectioned and examined by light microscopy. Sections were stained with the connective tissue and basement membrane stains periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Azan and periodic acid silver methanamine (PASM) and with routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Lesions of the epidermal lamellae, attributable to laminitis, were graded in order of increasing severity from Grade N (normal), Grade 1 (mild), Grade 2 (moderate) to Grade 3 (severe ...
Attempts to find phenotypic markers of the virulence plasmid of Rhodococcus equi. Four isolates of Rhodococcus equi, from pneumonic foals, and containing the 85 kb virulence plasmid, a porcine isolate containing an 80 kb plasmid, and their plasmid cured derivatives, were examined for 239 phenotypic properties in an attempt to find characters other than the virulence-associated protein (VapA) which might be encoded by the virulence plasmid in organisms grown at 37 degrees C. Tests chosen included those which have previously given variable results for R. equi isolates, since such variability might be attributed to plasmid curing, and characteristics which have been described ...
Spontaneous vascular mineralization in the brain of horses. Cerebral vascular mineralization was found in 12 (60%) of 20 3- to 10-year-old healthy horses collected at an abattoir. It was variable in degree and occurred mostly in the pallidal arteries showing two types of lesions; small globoid bodies along capillaries, and amorphous deposits in the wall of arterioles, small- or medium-sized arteries and veins. Both types were strongly positive for periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and weakly positive for von Kossa's and Berlin blue stains. Elemental analysis of the deposit revealed the presence of large amounts of aluminum, moderate amounts of phosphorus,...
Three cases of carcinoid in the equine nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses: histologic and immunohistochemical features. Three cases of carcinoid tumor in horses are described. The tumors originated from the maxillary sinuses and the retrobulbar region and caused exophthalmos. Histologically, they had a characteristic endocrine pattern and were argyrophilic with the Grimelius stain. All tumors contained reactivity for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin. Two of three tumors were reactive for both bovine and porcine chromogranin A. These immunohistochemical results confirm the neuroendocrine nature of these tumors. Neuroendocrine cells could not be detected in the nasal mucosa and maxillary sinuses of a nor...
[Occurrence of Parascaris equorum in foals and adult horses under different breeding conditions]. Autopsies and analyses of faecal samples from working horses have shown common occurrence of ascarids in foals, whereas 19.6% of adult horses have been found infected. No influence of season on EPG in adult horses has been found. Study based on faecal samples from stud horses has shown that 5-6-month old animals were most susceptible to the infection. 50% of foals have been found infected in spite of deworming with the use of bezimidazole compounds. It has been stated that the proper dose of an anthelminthic is a basic problem in the control of ascarids.
Congenital cleft vertebral centrum and intra- and extraspinal cyst in a foal. A midsagittal centrum cleft of T5-6, malformation and fusion of T3-7, intra- and extraspinal cyst, and myelodysplasia were found in a 3-month-old female Arabian foal that had experienced posterior ataxia since birth. Based on studies in other species, ecto-endodermal adhesions early in embryogenesis leading to formation of an enterogenous cyst is the most probable pathogenesis.
Thrombosis of the aorta and the caudal arteries in the horse; additional diagnostics and a new surgical treatment. The prognosis of aortic-iliac thrombosis (TAI) is usually considered to be poor, although affected horses are reported to have recovered following treatment with sodium gluconate. This paper presents some diagnostic techniques to monitor the development of hypoxemia in the diseased limb and to visualise the extension of the thrombosis into the femoral artery. Also, a surgical technique using a Fogarty thrombectomy catheter for partial or total removal of thrombi to restore blood flow, is described. One horse recovered completely, allowing it to resume its former career, the other horse improve...
Visceral neosporosis in a 10-year-old horse. No abstract available
Acute post-treatment enterocolitis in 13 horses treated in a Norwegian surgical ward. Case histories, results of laboratory analyses, treatment regimens and outcome are described for 13 horses that developed acute enterocolitis after various surgical treatments. Twelve of the 13 horses had been cast in lateral recumbency, and 10 of those 12 had received general anesthesia. Eleven horses had been treated with antimicrobial drugs. Most horses (11) developed diarrhea 2 days after initiation of treatment, with a variation from 1 to 5 days. The most apparent symptoms were fever, up to 40.5 degrees C, elevated heart rate, discoloration of mucous membranes, and diarrhea. Dehydration, ...
Nucleotide sequence of exons 5 to 9 of the p53 tumour-suppressor gene of the horse (Equus caballus). An evolutionary conserved 1.3 kb fragment corresponding to the horse p53 tumour suppressor gene was PCR amplified, cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The p53 fragment encoded exons 5 to 9 and the intervening introns. The nucleotide sequence and the predicted aminoacid sequence showed a high level of homology with human and donkey p53 sequences.
Equine papillary ependymoma. A 17-year-old Arabian gelding with progressive neurologic signs had a velvety, reddish brain tumor protruding from the ventral midline caudal to the optic chiasma. Histologically, the tumor had a papillary formation with a single layer of elongate cells radially oriented around a central fibrovascular core. Intracytoplasmic globular inclusions were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and weakly positive for vimentin. Ultrastructurally, these inclusions were comprised of whorling intermediate filaments. Neoplastic cells also had cytoplasmic interdigitations and numerous zona adherens a...
The effect of arthritis in the carpal joint on performance in Norwegian cold-blooded trotters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of arthritis of the carpal joint on performance of Norwegian cold-blooded trotters. Two performance variables were used in the analyses. The first was the start status, for which horses that had started in one or more races within a certain age received the value 1, and horses that had not raced were correspondingly assigned the value 0. The second variable was the accumulated, transformed and standardized earnings (ATSE), which is the power transformation of earnings (earnings .2, with unraced horses assigned a value of zero) expressed as a...
[Identification and diagnosis of Taylorella equigenitalis by a DNA amplification method (PCR)]. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of Taylorella equigenitalis was developed. The oligonucleotide primers are based on the DNA sequence of the rrs gene of T. equigenitalis, encoding for the 16S ribosomal RNA. Analysis of 21 strains of T. equigenitalis from England, USA and Switzerland showed an amplification product of 410 bp with identical Sau3A restriction profile. The sensitivity of the PCR-Assay was estimated to detect 50 to 500 bacteria of T. equigenitalis in a mixture with frequently found contaminants. Further analysis of culture from 60 genital swabs, taken in the cou...
Prevalence of G and P serotypes among equine rotaviruses in the faeces of diarrhoeic foals. Variant types of VP4 and VP7 gene segments of faecal rotaviruses from diarrhoeic foals were identified by restriction endonuclease digestion of reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) products. The variants observed were correlated with serotypes by determination of the sequence of representative RT/PCR products (entire coding sequence for VP7 and the VP8 region of VP4) and comparison to published sequences of equine G and P serotype genes. Both G and P serotypes could be predicted for 95/116 (82%) strains, P serotype only for a further 8 (7%) strains and G serotype only for 1...
