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Topic:Equine Diseases
Equine diseases encompass a wide range of health conditions that can affect horses, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic conditions. These diseases can impact the overall health, performance, and well-being of horses. Common equine diseases include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, laminitis, and equine metabolic syndrome. Diagnosis and management of these diseases often require a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and appropriate treatment strategies. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for various equine diseases, providing valuable insights for veterinarians and researchers in the field.
[The value of blood progesterone determination about 18 days post ovulation for pregnancy testing in mares]. The reliability of determination of the plasma progesterone level within approximately eighteen days after ovulation in the pregnancy diagnosis of mares is examined in the present study. Studies were done in seventy-five mares, a number of which were served or inseminated during several cycles so that a total number of eighty-seven blood samples were obtained. On the analogy of other authors, the progesterone level above which mares were believed to be pregnant and below which they were assumed to be non-pregnant, was set at 2 ng/ml. The twenty-five mares in which the level was below 2 ng/ml. ...
Localization of the second calcium ion binding site in porcine and equine phospholipase A2. At alkaline pH porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 is known to bind two Ca2+ ions per protein molecule. One Ca2+ ion is strongly bound to the active site and is essential for enzyme activity. A second Ca2+ ion binds more weakly to the protein and improves the affinity of the enzyme for lipid-water interfaces severalfold at high pH values. A group having a pK around 6 controls enzyme binding to lipid-water interfaces in the absence of Ca2+. By use of proton titration techniques this group is now identified to be a carboxylate having an abnormally high pK. Its pK shifts to a value around 4.5 in ...
Effect of spasmolytic analgesic drugs on the motility patterns of the equine small intestine. The effect of acepromazine, Buscopan (Crown Chemicals), pethidine and methadone was evaluated in ponies prepared with Thiry-Vella (T-V) loops. Motility was assessed by electrophysiological means (bipolar electrodes and strain gauge transducers) and by the passage through the T-V loop of a fluid test meal. Results were obtained from 26 experiments in three ponies and compared with six control experiments, in which saline had been administered to the same ponies. Each pony acted as its own control in each experiment and pre and post treatment values for slow wave frequency, spiking activity, del...
Lesions of contagious equine metritis in mares. Twenty-three mares were infected with contagious equine metritis organism by intrauterine inoculation, and necropsied after intervals of two to 116 days. Severe diffuse subacute salpingitis was seen in one mare, and mild multifocal subacute salpingitis was common. Severe diffuse endometritis and cervicitis initially were acute and became more severe, subacute and predominantly plasmacytic by 14 days, then declined but persisted as mild diffuse or multifocal inflammation for the rest of the experimental period. Vaginitis arose in parallel but resolved after 70 days. There were no lesions in the...
Experimental and clinical investigations of the use of carbon fiber sutures in equine tendon repair. Braided carbon fiber sutures were used to repair surgically transected or lacerated digital flexor tendons of 20 mature horses (10 experimental and 10 clinical cases). In addition, 4 experimental horses had tenectomies that were not surgically repaired; these served as controls for the horses with carbon-implanted tendons. Six of the 10 clinically affected horses were returned to their intended use; 2 were euthanatized because of complications and 2 were still recuperating. The experimental horses were euthanatized at 12 days and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 months. Tendon scars were structurally and fu...
Hyperventilation in ponies at the onset of and during steady-state exercise. We studied blood gases in ponies to assess the relationship of alveolar ventilation (VA) to pulmonary CO2 delivery during moderate treadmill exercise. In normal ponies for 1.8, 3, or 6 mph, respectively, partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2) decreased maximally by 3.1, 4.4, and 5.7 Torr at 30-90 s of exercise and remained below rest by 1.4, 2.3, and 4.5 Torr during steady-state (4-8 min) exercise (P less than 0.01). Partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2) and arterial pH, (pHa) also reflected hyperventilation. Mixed venus CO2 partial pressure (PVCO2) decreased 2.3 and 2.9 T...
Electromechanical activity of the equine small intestine and its correlation with transit of fluid through Thiry-Vella loops. Motility patterns in the equine small intestine were investigated in eight ponies. Muscular activity was assessed by means of extramural strain gauge transducers, bi-polar electrodes and in three of the animals, fitted with Thiry-Vella loops, the transit of fluid. Circular muscle contractions were preceded by spiking superimposed on the slow wave and fluid transit in the loops correlated with both these events.
Antibody responses of ponies to initial and challenge infections of Strongylus vulgaris. An indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) was developed using Strongylus vulgaris third stage larvae (L3) as antigens. Observations using the IFA indicate that a species-specific antibody response to S. vulgaris L3 develops in S. vulgaris-infected ponies and that some surface L3 antigens are shared by adult worms. Sequential antibody levels against S. vulgaris were measured in strongyle-naive and in immune ponies following initial and challenge infections using the IFA and an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). Antibody levels measured by IFA increased faster following initial infections...
Use of schizont and piroplasm antigens of Babesia equi in the indirect fluorescent antibody and complement fixation tests. Eight ponies infected with Babesia equi were investigated for their serological response to B. equi schizont and piroplasm antigen with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and complement fixation test (CFT). Piroplasm antigen was prepared from an infected splenectomized pony, while schizont antigen was produced from cultured lymphoid cells which contained B. equi macroschizonts. The IFAT detected a rise in antibody titres to schizont antigen as well as to piroplasm antigen, but differences were obtained in the duration of antibody detection. Significant antibody titres to piroplasm a...
Extrinsic and intrinsic veins of the equine hoof wall. The extrinsic and intrinsic venous drainage of the equine hoof have previously been poorly described. There is also an absence of information about the venous organisation of both primary and secondary dermal lamellae of the hoof wall. The purpose of this study was to describe the normal venous pattern of the horse hoof, especially that associated with the dermal lamellae of the wall. The venous organisation of 46 pairs of hooves from clinically healthy horses was studied using standard plastic vascular corrosion casts and histological sections. A consistent pattern of venous organisation was ...
