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Topic:Equine Diseases
Equine diseases encompass a wide range of health conditions that can affect horses, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic conditions. These diseases can impact the overall health, performance, and well-being of horses. Common equine diseases include equine influenza, equine herpesvirus, laminitis, and equine metabolic syndrome. Diagnosis and management of these diseases often require a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, and appropriate treatment strategies. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for various equine diseases, providing valuable insights for veterinarians and researchers in the field.
Simultaneous preparation of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leucocytes from horse blood on Ficoll-Hypaque medium. Results presented show that highly purified populations of mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes can be obtained from horse blood by a procedure similar to that previously described for the separation of these leucocytes from human blood. This involved centrifugation of horse blood on a Ficoll-Hypaque medium with a density of 1.095 g/ml. The procedure required approximately 1 h for completion and resulted in the simultaneous preparation of MN (greater than 98% purity) and PMN (greater than 96% purity) leucocytes. Cell viability exceeded 95% and cells retained immunological fu...
Equine villonodularsynovitis: a case survey. Nineteen cases of villonodular synovitis as identified in 14 horses are presented. Physical and radiographic findings are discussed and the surgical correction described. Case histories indicate that surgical extirpation of the lesion is corrective and that rest without surgical intervention is ineffective. Radiation therapy following surgery does not appear to be necessary.
The origin of nuclear bodies: a study of the undifferentiated epithelial cells of the equine small intestine. During an electron and light microscopic study of the equine intestinal epithelium, it was observed that some secretory granules of the undifferentiated crypt epithelium were incorporated into the nucleus during mitosis. A study was made of the chemical nature of the granules, using standard histochemical techniques: PAS-Alcian blue, Deamination-PAS, and Ninhydrin-Schiff reactions. The granules contained a neutral protein-polysaccharide complex with many terminal amino groups, possibly an antibody (IgA). The intranuclear granules underwent coalescence and degeneration during differentiation. T...
Ultrastructure of Haemophilus equigenitalis, causative agent of contagious equine metritis. Haemophilus equigenitalis, a proposed new species of Haemophilus and the causative agent of contagious equine metritis, a venereal disease of the horse, had ultrastructural characteristics of gram-negative bacteria. The organism additionally had a small, threadlike capsule that was removed by heating in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Heating also detached the outer membrane from the cytoplasmic membrane. The capsule could only be demonstrated when bacterial were stained with ruthenium red during the preparation of ultrathin sections. The gross morphology of newly isolated organisms (rodli...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): effects of bronchodilator drugs on normal and affected horses. The effects of the bronchodilator drugs, atropine, isoprenaline and terbutaline, on normal horses and on horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), were assessed by pulmonary function tests and clinical examination. Normal horses were not affected but COPD horses responded by a marked decrease in intrathoracic pressure, a decrease in respiratory rate, an initial decrease followed by an increase in arterial oxygen partial pressure and clinical improvement after treatment with all 3 drugs. These changes were temporary.
Contagious equine metritis: effect of intrauterine inoculation of contagious equine metritis agent in pony mares. Actively growing culture of contagious equine metritis (CEM) bacteria or infective exudate (or both) were inoculated intrauterine in pony mares. A direct relationship was observed between (i) appearance and duration of cervicitis and vaginitis and (ii) vaginal exudate. Clinical signs appeared 1 to 3 days after mares were inoculated and lasted 7 to 23 days. In the acute phase of infection, all uterine and cervical samples yielded CEM bacteria. In the asymptomatic stage of infection, CEM bacteria were not isolated from uterine and cervical samples; however, in 33%, 28%, and 20% of the pony mares...
Postural effects on lung volumes and asynchronous ventilation in anesthetized horses. Quasi-static pressure-volume curves and single-breath nitrogen washouts were performed simultaneously on eight anesthetized horses (average body wt = 485 kg) in left lateral, right lateral, prone, and supine postures (sequence randomized). The shift from prone to lateral or supine posture decreased expiratory reserve volume (ERV), vital capacity (VC), residual volume (RV), functional residual capacity (FRC), and total lung capacity (TLC); RV and FRC expressed as %TLC were unchanged, suggesting that in the lateral and supine postures a significant portion of the lung volume was not recruited by...
Irregular transmissions in the acidic prealbumin (Pr) system of the horse. During the routine parentage control of Norwegian Trotter horses with 10 000 parent offspring combinations two irregular transmissions of Pr alleles were found. The allele products were provisionally named D1 and D2. They appeared in two stallions which were typed as D1I and D2N respectively. The first stallion transmitted PrD1 to seven out of 10 offspring and the second stallion PrD2 to two of four offspring. Photographs of seven new Pr phenotypes are presented.
Ventricular defibrillation with myocardial electrodes in the dog, calf, pony, and pig. The defibrillation effectiveness of 4-msec rectangular wave shocks was evaluated using myocardial electrodes with 25-kg dogs and (nominally) 100-kg calves, ponies, and pigs as part of an evaluation of the suitability of these animals as models for automatic implanted defibrillator research. The percent success of defibrillation attempts in dogs ranged from 44% with 4-A, 6-J shocks to 93% with 8-A, 16-J shocks. The success achieved in calves with scaled electrodes was uniformly lower and reached a maximum of 28% with 23-A, 107-J shocks. Pigs defibrillated with scaled electrodes at a success lev...
Persistence in nature of influenza virus A/eq/Praha/56 (Heq1Neq1). Equine influenza occurred in Czechoslovakia 14 years after the last epizootic in horses that had returned from abroad. Six strains A (Heq1Neq1) antigenically related to, but not identical with, strain A/eq/Praha/56 were isolated from 10 washings. Seroconversion was demonstrated with paired sera, but the antibody increase was more marked against the newly isolated strain.
[Purposeful (blood-)horse breeding (author’s transl)]. Horse-breeding in the Netherlands is briefly reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the number of foals of various breeds. Some effects of inbreeding in Friesian horses are discussed. As regards methods selection, attention is mainly paid to saddle horses. The role of veterinarians (from the point of view of selection for soundness) is described. Selection is based on the results of studies in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Utrecht. A number of these results are reviewed.
Effects of trimetaquinol on equine pulmonary vascular and airway smooth muscle. Trimetaquinol [TMQ: 1-(3’,4‘,5’-trimethoxybenzyl)6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride] a potential p-sympathomimetic bronchodilator (Iwasawa & Kiyomoto 1967), has been shown to be an effective tracheal smooth muscle relaxant in guineapigs (Iwasawa & Kiyomoto 1967; Brittain 1972; Brittain et a1 1970, 1976) and an inhibitor of experimental bronchospasm in guinea-pigs and cats (Brittain et a1 1970; Brittain 1972). In addition, clinical studies with TMQ indicated that the drug was an effective bronchodilator in mild to moderate asthma (Yamamura & Kishimoto 1968). It may...
[13 Years of veterinary mycological routine diagnostics. Isolation of dermatophytes in the years 1965-1977]. Over a thirteen year period (1965 to 1977) a total of 4790 skin scrapings and hair samples of animals were examined mycologically. 887 strains of dermatophytes were isolated out of 885 of these samples (= 18,5%). Most frequently Trichophyton verrucosum was identified in samples from cattle, followed by Microsporum canis isolated from cats, dogs and zoo animals. T. mentagrophytes was mainly found on guinea pigs, chinchillas and dogs and T. equinum on horses. Although the total number of the samples examined within the last 8 years increased, the total of the dermatophytes isolated remained prop...
Repair of incisional hernias in the horse. Incisional abdominal hernias in three horses were repaired, using synthetic mesh with a fascial flap overlay. The repair of large ventral abdominal hernias of horses can be accomplished by using synthetic mesh that is sutured across the defect. This material can be placed subperitoneally, retroperitoneal but subfascial, retrofascial and subfascial, or retroperitoneal but subfascial with a fascial overlay. Advantages of using this material are that it can be used for repair of large hernias, it is easy to apply, it is strong and flexible, and it is less likely to be rejected, when compared with...
The immune response of horses to tetanus toxoid. An intramuscular injection of 8-16 Lf tetanus toxoid in water-in-oil emulsion protected adult horses against tetanus for at least 128 weeks. A booster dose of 8 Lf toxoid in aqueous solution protected them for a further period of at least 3 1/2 years. Colostral immunity protected foals for at least 10 weeks. An intramuscular injection of 8 Lf toxoid in water-in-oil emulsion given to foals from immune dams when they were 10-18 weeks old did not elicit any antibody response. They did respond, however, to a booster injection of 8 Lf toxoid in aqueous solution given 12 weeks after the first dose. ...
Anthelmintic efficiency of fenbendazole in equines. A single oral dose of fenbendazole (FBZ) at 10 mg/kg body mass was given to 5 donkeys. A further 5 donkeys were dosed with a medicated lick (1 mg FBZ/g lick) until the oral consumption was 10 mg/kg body mass. In both trials FBZ was highly effective against adults of the following genera: Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Cylicodontophorus, Poteriostomum, Cabellonema, Craterostomum and Triodontophorus; similarly high efficiency was obtained against the following species: Habronema majus, Habronema musca, Strongylus vulgaris and Oxyuris equi and worms identified as belonging to the su...
Some aspects of the epidemiology of equine babesiosis. The sex, coat colour, age, province and month of occurrence of every case of babesiosis was recorded in a horse population of 5856 in South Africa and Rhodesia. A total of 115 cases were recorded during the period 1973-01-01 to 1973-12-31. Chisquared tests were used to evaluate the significance of frequencies. Significant biases in the distribution of cases of babesiosis were found with regard to season (P < 0,05), sex (P < 0,001) and coat colour (P < 0.01).
