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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Patterns of secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone in stallions during the summer and winter. Samples of jugular blood were drawn from each of five stallions every 15 min for 12 h during the summer and winter to determine the short-term fluctuations in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone. Concentrations of LH and FSH were generally not pulsatile, although one stallion exhibited three distinct pulses in these hormones during the winter. In general, patterns of secretion of all three hormones were similar in both seasons and the number of significant rises in hormonal concentrations did not differ between seasons. Concent...
Direct current stimulation of bone production in the pony: observations with a diaphyseal osteotomy model. Electrically induced osteogenesis exhibits a dose response curve and can induce bone formation in the absence of trauma and in nonunions. Electrically induced osteogenesis, using direct electric current (DC) in a third metacarpal diaphyseal osteotomy model, in conjunction with internal fixation and postoperative loading, was investigated. Twelve young adult ponies of mixed sex were divided into 2 treatment groups (A and B) of 3 stimulated and 3 controls each and evaluated, using a specifically designed procedure. Stimulated ponies in both groups were given 20 microA of DC via an implanted bone...
Capacitively coupled electrical stimulation of bone healing in the horse: in vivo study with a Salter type IV osteotomy model with stainless steel surface electrodes. The use of capacitively coupled low-voltage signals for stimulation of osteogenesis has been reported in a variety of animal models. Electrically induced osteogenesis was investigated with a capacitively coupled electric field on a radius (distal-lateral orientation) osteotomy model, in conjunction with internal fixation and postoperative loading. Twelve adult horses of either sex were allotted to 2 groups of 6; 1 group was given electrical stimulation and the other served as controls. A low-voltage high-frequency capacitively coupled electrical signal was locally and continuously applied to t...
Inhibition of lipases by proteins. A kinetic study with dicaprin monolayers. We report further investigations on protein inhibition of pancreatic and microbial lipases carried out with the monolayer technique. When beta-lactoglobulin A, melittin, serum albumin, myoglobin, and a protein inhibiting lipase from soybean were preincubated with a dicaprin film at a surface pressure of 35 dynes/cm, no activity was detected with horse pancreatic or Rhizopus delemar lipases. By contrast, Rhizopus arrhizus and Geotrichum candidum lipase activities were not impaired under the same conditions. Experiments using mixed lipid-protein film transfer clearly show that the inhibition of ...
Vaginal evisceration of the small intestine in three mares. Three mares were treated for vaginal evisceration of a portion of the small intestine. Evisceration occurred in 2 mares shortly after breeding accidents in which the stallion's penis penetrated the vaginal fornix dorsal to the cervix. The affected bowel was replaced through the laceration, and the vaginal defects were sutured with the mares standing, utilizing epidural anesthesia. One mare recovered without complications, was subsequently bred, and delivered a foal with no difficulty. The other mare developed signs of a strangulating small intestinal obstruction 24 hours after the injury, nece...
Complications from a testicular prosthesis in a stallion. A testicular prosthesis was removed from the scrotum of a 3-year-old Quarter Horse stallion. The prosthesis had been placed in the left side of the scrotum 10 months earlier, after an unsuccessful attempt to reposition the retained left testis. Because of a persistent draining fistula on the scrotum, first noted 5 months after placement of the prosthesis, surgery was performed to remove the prosthesis. At surgery, the left testis was found in a fibrous mass surrounding the prosthesis. The left testis had descended after placement of the prosthesis, and its involvement in the fibrous tissue sur...
Vertebral fracture, extensor hypertonia of thoracic limbs, and paralysis of pelvic limbs (Schiff-Sherrington syndrome) in an Arabian foal. An Arabian foal, which was recumbent for 4 days, had signs of extensor rigidity of the thoracic limbs and hypotonic paralysis of the pelvic limbs. Survey radiography revealed a lesion at T15, with radiographic impression of a compression fracture or a hemivertebra. Postmortem examination revealed a fracture at T15. Clinical and pathologic findings in this case were compatible with the Schiff-Sherrington syndrome, which is characterized by thoracic limb extensor hypertonia associated with paraplegia from acute thoracolumbar trauma.
Chronic intestinal intussusception in two horses. In 2 cases of chronic intestinal intussusception in horses, one involved jejunum and the other, ileum. The only clinical signs observed were intermittent colic. Surgery was performed on both horses, with successful outcomes.
Rate of rise of arterial carbon dioxide tension in the halothane-anesthetized horse. The rate of rise of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) was determined in 49 apneic halothane-anesthetized horses following controlled ventilation. Drugs given for induction of anesthesia did not affect the rapid rate of rise of PaCO2 during the first minute after controlled ventilation, the PaCO2 at 1 minute after controlled ventilation, or the PaCO2 at which spontaneous ventilation began. Horses given xylazine-ketamine for induction of anesthesia had a significantly (P less than 0.05) faster rate of rise of PaCO2 after 1 minute following controlled ventilation than did horses...
Inclusions in equine cytologic specimens. Inclusions and cellular changes were seen in cytologic specimens from 1 healthy horse, 6 horses hospitalized because of respiratory problems, and 1 horse hospitalized because of colic and hepatitis. Two bronchial aspirates contained detached ciliated cytoplasmic tufts and cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of the specific degenerative process called ciliocytophthoria. These changes and inclusions resembled those seen in bronchial aspirates from human beings with parainfluenza virus infection. Four bronchial aspirates and 2 serous fluid specimens had nuclear inclusions resembling those seen ...
Psychogenic colic in a horse. A 4-year-old mixed-breed gelding was presented with colic-type behavior of 5 days' duration that included pawing, looking at the flank area, and kicking and biting at the abdomen and flank when it was eating hay or grain. Medical evaluation did not reveal the cause of the "colic." During its stay in the hospital, the horse improved as regarded the colic-type behavior while eating, but resumed this behavior when it was able to see hay that it was not allowed to eat. It was determined that the persistent colic-type behavior developed as a result of the horse having been repeatedly displaced from...
California serogroup virus infection in a horse with encephalitis. A 4-fold or greater seroconversion to the snowshoe hare serotype of the California serogroup of viruses in a horse with acute encephalitis was demonstrated by hemagglutination-inhibition, complement-fixation, and neutralization tests. The horse had a mild fever, was ataxic, had a head tilt, and was observed to circle. Chloramphenicol, dexamethasone, and B complex vitamins were administered and the horse recovered. The snowshoe hare virus is a recognized human pathogen, but it has not been associated with disease in horses. It is unknown whether horses play a role as amplification hosts for the...
Paraphimosis in seven debilitated horses. This paper reports seven cases of penile paraphimosis which occurred in both entire and castrated horses in association with general debility. Two cases were discharged after treatment while still suffering from partial paralysis; one was discharged at the owner's request with complete paralysis; three were destroyed and one died during treatment. Identified causes of debility were malnutrition, severe parasitism, glucose malabsorption and salmonellosis.
Evaluation of febantel used concurrently with piperazine citrate in horses. Fifty horses from a herd known to have benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles were treated with febantel (6 mg/kg), combinations of febantel (6 mg/kg) and piperazine citrate (25 or 55 mg base/kg), thiabendazole (44 mg/kg), or placebo (0.6 ml of water/kg). Pretreatment and 7-day posttreatment fecal examinations were done. Fecal cultures, strongyle egg per gram (epg) counts, sugar flotation fecal examinations, and in vitro testing for benzimidazole resistance were performed. Results of fecal examinations before treatment were similar in all horses, and results of testing were positive for benz...
Nocardia asteroides infection in horses: a review. From 1965 to 1983, Nocardia asteroides infection was diagnosed in 16 horses at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis. In 2 of the cases, the infection was traumatic in origin and local in extent; the horses recovered without relevant antimicrobial therapy. Fourteen horses had pulmonary or disseminated infections that ended fatally. All 14 had various degrees of immunosuppression. Of these, 8 were Arabian foals with combined immunodeficiency disease and 3 were aged horses with hyperadrenocorticism secondary to ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors. Of the other 3, ...
Hemodynamic responses in halothane-anesthetized horses given infusions of dopamine or dobutamine. The hemodynamic changes induced by constant infusions of dopamine or dobutamine (each 3, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min) were observed in halothane-anesthetized horses. Left ventricular dp/dt and cardiac output were increased in horses given dobutamine at dosage of 3 micrograms/kg/min and in those given either of the drugs at dosages of 5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min. Concomitant increases in systemic arterial blood pressure occurred at lower infusion dosage rates of dobutamine than those of dopamine and were modulated by dosage-related changes in peripheral vascular resistance that were different be...
Second-degree atrioventricular block observed in a Thoroughbred foal on 2.5 months of age. Electrocardiographic observation in 10 Thoroughbred horses has been carried out from fetal stages to 12 months after birth. In this observation a filly out of 10 foals at a resting state showed second-degree atrioventricular {A-V) block with sinus arrhythmia after 2.5 months of age. The number of dropped beats and the irregularity of sinus arrhythmia in these blocks were affected by the atrial rate, and several variations of Wenckebach phenomenon were shown under the influence of the artial rate. Electrocardiographic characteristics of second-degree A-V block in the present filly might be simi...
Equine congenital defects. In a 13-year survey of equine congenital defects that resulted in death or required euthanasia in central Kentucky, necropsies were performed on 608 deformed fetuses or newborn foals. The following congenital anomalies were observed: contracted foal syndrome (33.2%), miscellaneous limb contraction (20%), multiple defects (5.3%), microphthalmia (4.6%), craniofacial malformations (4.3%), cleft palate (4.0%), heart defects (3.5%), umbilical defects (3.5%), and hydrocephalus (3.0%). Eleven less frequently occurring anomalies constituted the balance of the congenital defects in fetuses and newborn ...
Effects of phenylbutazone and anabolic steroids on adrenal and thyroid gland function tests in healthy horses. Adrenal and/or thyroid gland function tests were evaluated in horses at various times during short-term therapy with phenylbutazone, stanozolol, and boldenone undecylenate. There were no significant treatment or time effects on mean basal plasma cortisol concentrations in horses during treatment with the following: phenylbutazone, given twice daily (4 to 5 mg/kg, IV) for 5 days; stanozolol, given twice weekly (0.55 mg/kg, IM) for 12 days; boldenone undecylenate, given twice weekly (1.1 mg/kg, IM) for 12 days; or nothing. There was no significant effect of phenylbutazone treatment on the change...
Susceptibility of equine bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. In vitro antimicrobic susceptibility patterns of commonly isolated aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens of equine origin were determined, using the agar-plate dilution method. All organisms were recent clinical isolates and included Corynebacterium (Rhodococcus) equi, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, (coagulase positive) Staphylococcus sp, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus sp, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella. In vitro susceptibility levels were outlined for 14 antimicro...
