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Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Observations on vaccine and post-infection immunity in contagious equine metritis. The vaccination of four ponies on two occasions with a formolised culture of Haemophilus equigenitalis produced a high circulating antibody titre to the organism in each pony. Three out of four vaccinated and all of three unvaccinated ponies developed typical symptoms of contagious equine metritis (CEM) when subsequently challenged with a vaginal exudate containing H equigenitalis. Similarly, three ponies which had previously been infected with H equigenitalis and which had recovered spontaneously also developed contagious equine metritis when rechallenged with the organism. The clinical and b...
Changes in blood gas, acid-base and metabolic parameters in horses during three-day event competition. Sixteen horses competing in a three-day event had venous blood samples collected during the speed and endurance test (day 2) to examine changes in blood gas ands acid-base balance, and the concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, alpha-ketoglutarate and cortisol. Following the roads and tracks and steeplechase phases there was a significant metabolic and respiratory alkalosis despite a rise in lactate. After completion of the cross country section, although there was a significant decrease in total base, there was no significant change in pH from pre-event value...
Granulomatous enteritis in a young standardbred mare. Granulomatous enteritis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old Standarbred mare suffering from chronic weight loss, depression, dependent oedema but not diarrhoea. There was hypoproteinaemia (hypoalbuminaemia), lymphocytopaenia and neglibible carbohydrate absorption from the small intestine. Pathological changes in almost the entire small intestine included proprial infiltration resulting in partial villous atrophy, and granuloma formation beneath the muscularis which was most severe in the ileum. Slight infiltration occurred in the stomach and the colon. The cells were predominantly lymphocytes and hi...
Comparison of circulatory and respiratory effects of isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses. Circulatory and respiratory effects of alveolar concentrations of 1.31, 1.97, and 2.62 vol% of isoflurane in oxygen were studied in eight young, healthy horses during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. These isoflurane concentrations were equivalent, respectively, to 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane, which prevents movement in horses in response to a standard pain stimulus. Results of the isoflurane studies were compared with similarly derived findings in these same horses during equipotent halothane in oxygen anesthesia. Isoflurane, similar to halo...
Total plasma corticosteroid concentrations in horses with combined immunodeficiency. Plasma corticosteroid concentrations of seven Arabian foals with combined immunodeficiency (CID) and five non-CID Arabian foals were measured. Plasma corticosteroid concentrations were quantitated throughout gestation for ten mares heterozygous for the CID trait and pregnant with CID foals, as well as for 20 mares heterozygous for the CID trait and pregnant with non-CID foals. Five nonpregnant mares heterozygous for the CID trait also were tested during the same period. Concentrations of plasma corticosteroids in foals with CID (34.4 +/- 5.2 ng/ml) were not different from those of non-CID foal...
Cell morphology and collagen types in equine tendon scar. The histological appearance of cells and tissues in the reparative scar tissue which forms in the equine superficial flexor tendon following partial rupture was compared to that of normal tendon. The repair fibroblasts were found to be larger and more basophilic than the tenocytes of normal tendon, to have large vesicular nuclei and to resemble the 'myofibroblasts' described in scar tissue elsewhere. The cell to matrix ratio in scarred zones of tendon was found to be increased and the concentration of collagen in these areas was less than in normal tendon. However, the scar tissue collagen was...
Discrimination learning in horses: effects of breed, age and social dominance. The discrimination learning ability of Quarter Horses and Thoroughbreds was compared by means of visual cues in a three-choice test with food as a reward. Quarter Horses learned significantly faster than Thoroughbreds, and learning progressed more rapidly for both breeds in a second discrimination task. Significant negative correlations were observed between age and rate of learning. Quarter Horses tended to be less reactive than Thoroughbreds, but individual emotional reactivity ratings and learning scores were not correlated. No correlation was found between social dominance and learning sco...
Lameness caused by inflammation in the distal hock. Since horses ridden at a gallop have a high incidence of bone spavin, and harness horses (Standardbred pacers and trotters) have a different
syndrome, they will be discussed separately. Osteoarthritis (bone spavin) apparently is caused by impact and compression on the distal tarsal
bones, which occurs most forcefully at the gallop (canter). Shear stresses, which occur in the joint between these bones, are most severe at the trot
or pace, and probably cause the usual cunean-tarsitis problem in
Standardbreds. Obviously some of each force occurs at each gait.
Surgical implantation of cardiovascular devices in the thorax of the horse. A surgical thoracotomy and implantation of an electromagnetic flow probe around the ascending aorta and catheters in the left ventricular (LV) apex of the horse were evaluated. Sixteen operations were done: 4 horses were used for acute experiments, 4 horses died from surgical manipulation, and 8 horses were studied chronically for 18 to 57 days. The electromagnetic flow probe allowed continuous measurement of stroke volume and heart rate. The LV apical catheters, in conjunction with thermal dilution techniques and pressure-sensitive devices, allowed measurement and calculation of mean arterial...
Cardiorespiratory adjustments to tethered-swimming in the horse. The cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to various levels of tethered-swimming were evaluated in 5 sedentary horses. Cardiac output (Q) and heart rate (HR) correlated highly (r = 0.89 and 0.94 respectively) with work effort (WE) expressed as kg pulled . kg body wt-1 . 10-2. While swimming, stroke volume (SV) was reduced at the lowest workloads, but increased with increasing WE so that at the highest workloads it had returned to the on-land standing SV. Pressures in the pulmonic as well as on both sides of the systemic circulation were considerably elevated by this form of exercise, altho...
The comparative pathology of non-viral bullous skin diseases in domestic animals. In a review of non-viral bullous skin diseases of domestic animals and a 4-year study of cases presented to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, we found 15 diseases: pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug eruption, epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, familial acantholysis, bovine congenital porphyria, impetigo and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. The 15 diseases were placed in five categories: autoimmune, imm...
Electromagnetic measurement of cardiac output during exercise in the horse. Aortic root blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic (EM) flow meter in unanesthetized horses during rest and exercise. The cardiac output response to exercise, as determined by the EM technique, was compared with the response reported by others who used indicator dilution techniques with good agreement. The EM method will allow making measurement of cardiovascular responses to exercise in the horse, not obtainable with other techniques.
Phycomycosis of the horse caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus. A case of subcutaneous phycomycosis of a horse from which Basidiobolus haptosporu was isolated is described. Although some clinical signs were similar to the disease caused by Hyphomyces destruens, the gross and microscopic pathology were different in several respects. Main characteristics of the histopathology were the narrow eosinophilic sleeve around wide, frequently septate hyphae scattered throughout the affected tissue and found commonly at the advancing border of the lesion. A retrospective study of 63 cases of phycomycosis diagnosed at this laboratory since 1970 indicated a further 11 ...
The reverse single radial immunodiffusion technique for detecting antibodies to Dermatophilus congolensis. The reverse single radial immunodiffusion technique was used to detect Dermatophilus congolensis antibody in sera collected from animals previously infected to varying levels with D congolensis. Ammonium sulphate and trichloroacetic acid extracts of five different strains of D congolensis obtained from different geographical locations were used as antigens. All the extracts showed variations in their sensitivities in detecting D congolensis antibody in the various serum samples. Multiple antibodies were detected by some extracts while some showed negative antibody reaction to all extracts. Two...
