Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy. Five horses of mixed breeding and 1 zebra with symmetric tetraparesis and ataxia were studied. There were 2 females and 4 males. Signs of illness were first noticed from birth to 12 months of age. Clinical and pathologic studies were performed when the animals were 4 to 24 months old. Two of the horses were related. All of the subjects had diffuse degenerative myeloencephalopathy. The degeneration was most pronounced in thoracic segments of the spinal cord. Ventral and dorsolateral funiculi were most severely affected. Axonal swelling and abnormal neuronal cell bodies were seen in the gray mat...
A study of correlation of closure of the distal radial physis with performance and injury in the Standardbred. The distal radial physes of 113 two-year-old Standardbreds were radiographed an average of 2.6 times each during an average of 4.72 +/- 1.7 months, beginning May 1, 1975. The radiograph of each physis was graded C, B-, B, B+, or A (closed), and the date of closure was determined by a method that proved to be reliable. The average age of closure of the distal radial physes was 29.8 +/- 1.6 months, with age of closure ranging from 26 to 35 months. There were no statistical differences between age of physeal closure of colts, geldings, or fillies; pacers or trotters; "well-bred" or other horses, ...
Immunotherapy in two foals with combined immunodeficiency, resulting in graft versus host reaction. Immunotherapy was attempted in 2 Arabian foals with combined immunodeficiency. One foal was given a transplant of bone marrow from a selected full sibling, and 1 foal was given a fetal thymus transplant. Both foals died. Genetic evidence was obtained for survival of the transplanted tissues in both cases; however, a graft versus host reaction developed in the foal given the fetal thymus transplant.
Selective immunoglobulin M deficiency in foals. Selective immunoglobulin M deficiency was diagnosed in 5 foals, on the basis of reduced serum immunoglobulin M concentrations (more than 2 standard deviations below the normal mean). All 5 foals had clinical signs or lesions involving the respiratory tract. Lkebsiella sp was isolated from joint fluids, bronchial lymph nodes, or tracheal washings from the 3 foals in which such samples were available for microbiologic evaluation.
Effects of preanesthetic medication, anesthesia, and position of recumbency on central venous pressure in horses. Central venous pressure (cvp) was recorded in horses before and after tranquilization and during halothane-maintained anesthesia in lateral or dorsal recumbency. The cvp was significantly decreased after administration of acetylpromazine, when compared with base line measurements and measurements taken after xylazine administration. After induction of anesthesia, cvp increased with time for 75 minutes, and values in lateral recumbency were significantly higher than those in dorsal recumbency.
Fetal electrocardiography in the mare as a practical aid to diagnosing singleton and twin pregnancy. Fetal electrocardiography (FECG) in the mare has been investigated by several workers (Holmes and Darke 1968, Kanagawa and others 1967). This short paper seeks to evaluate previous work, present new findings, and provide a practical technique enabling veterinary surgeons to diagnose singleton and twin pregnancies in the latter part of pregnancy.
Lyophilized combination pools of enterovirus equine antisera: preparation and test procedures for the identification of field strains of 19 group A coxsackievirus serotypes. This paper describes the preparation of seven combination pools of equine antisera, designated J though P, for identification of 19 coxsackievirus A immunotypes. Each pool is composed of 4 to 6 antisera; the serotypes included are A1-6, 8, 10-15, and 17-22. These pools, unlike the previously prepared A-H enterovirus pools, were lyophilized from volumes of 0.5 ml dispensed into 5-ml vials, and when rehydrated with 5 ml of diluent provide 50-antibody-unit material ready for use in identification tests without further dilution. Procedures for using the antiserum pools are given, and guidance is p...
Labeling of antilactose antibody. Affinity labeling studies with anticarbohydrate antibodies have been very limited. In earlier studies, diazoniumphenyl glycosides were employed as affinity labeling reagents for rabbit and equine anti-p-azophenyl-β-lactoside and p-azophenyl- β-galactoside antibodies. Although these antibodies were heterogeneous, it was possible to identify the labeled residues in the heavy or light chains since the modified residues had characteristic absorption spectra. With the discovery of bacterial cell walls of Streptococcus groups A and C induced antipolysaccharide antibodies of restricted heterogeneit...
A general survey of tumours in the horse. Published figures from veterinary schools indicate that tumours may account for about 1 to 3 per cent of surgical cases. In this paper an account is given of clinical and pathological aspects of the tumours that are most likely to be encountered in practice, either as visibly or palpably detectable masses of tissue, or as internal tumours responsible for clinical signs. Amongst the common and important tumours dealt with, the most prominent are "equine sarcoid", squamous-cell carcinoma (of eye region and of glans penis), granulosa-cell tumours and melanomas. Well over a hundred references prov...
[Cochliatoxum periachtum Gassovsky, 1919, entodinimorphic Ciliate of the horse digestive tract]. The topography of Cochliatoxum periachtum is studied. The cuticle is very thick. The digestive, nuclear and excretory systems are located in the ectoplasm, they are not surrounded by the mesoplasm. The endoplasm is very large, it contains vegetable inclusions. By the features of its topography, this species is similar to some species belonging to the Family Ophryoscolescidae and, especially, to Eudiplodinium giganteum.
Ecology of Western equine encephalomyelitis in the eastern United States. Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) has been recognized as a serious public health problem in western North America for more than 30 years. WEE appears to exist endemically in numerous foci in that region, with a low incidence rate among humans. Severe outbreaks, however, have occurred periodically. For example, during 1941 a severe epidemic involving more than 3000 cases in humans occurred in North Dakota, Minnesota, and in the adjacent areas of Canada. The case fatality rate ranged from 8% to 15%. Epizootics among horses are more common. More than 600 cases of WEE were diagnosed among hor...
A review of the diagnosis and treatment of fluid and electrolyte disorders in the horse. Disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance may occur in the horse as a consequence of many disease processes. Disorders may be classified into 3 main categories, primary water loss, mixed water and electrolyte depletion and acid base disturbances. This paper reviews the changes which occur with each type of disorder and discusses methods of diagnosis and assessment of such imbalances. The principles of treatment are described and the management of fluid replacement therapy in 3 of the disorders, mainly acute intestinal obstruction, inability to drink and diarrohea is discussed.
Surgical repair of cleft soft palate in the horse. A technique for the surgical repair of a cleft soft palate in the horse is described. A symphysiotomy approach was employed to repair the anterior end of the cleft palate, and the posterior part was approached via a pharyingotomy incision.
Studies on cytochrome c. XIV. Synthesis of the protected heptadecapeptide (sequence 88-104) of horse heart cytochrome c. A solution synthesis is described of the partially protected N alpha-benzyloxycarbonylheptadecapeptide Z-Lys (Tfa)-Thr-Glu-Arg-Glu-Asp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Lys (Tfa)-Lys (Tfa)-Ala-Thr-Asn-Glu (OBu t)-OBu t corresponding to sequence 88-104 of horse heart cytochrome c. The synthesis is achieved through the preparation of two subunits H1 (sequence 88-96) and H2 (sequence 97-104) and their linkage by an azide coupling step.
In vitro cytotoxicity of serum and peripheral blood leukocytes for equine herpesvirus type 1-infected target cells. The immune response in horses following experimental infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was assessed by measuring cytotoxicity for EHV-1-infected target cells. A technique was developed, using [125I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]IUDR)-labeled equine fetal kidney cells infected with EHV-1 as the target cells. It was shown that peripheral blood leukocytes from a recovered horse were capable of lysing target cells, as measured by the loss of radio-active label. Following the experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free ponies with EHV-1, cytotoxicity was obtained with fresh auto...
[Characteristics of the ecology of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Republic of Cuba]. Virologic and serological surveys of wild vertebrates carried out in various provinces of Cuba demonstrated definitely that birds were the main hosts of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in this territory. Fifteen strains of this virus were isolated from 8 species of birds belonging to 5 orders. Isolation of EEE virus from the blood of the endemic genus of iguanas indicates a certain role of cold-blooded animals in the ecology of this agent. Active EEE virus foci have been found in 4 provinces of the Republic of Cuba: Pinar del Rio, Havana, Matanzas and Las Villas. Isolation of a nu...
Effect of imidocarb dipropionate and hemicastration on spermatogenesis in pony stallions. The effect of imidocarb dipropionate [3, 3' bis-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) carbanilide dipropionate] on spermatogenesis in 3 pony stallions was studied. The drug alone had no deleterious effect on spermatogenesis when given intramuscularly 4 times at a dosage level of 4 mg/kg at 72-hour intervals. Hemicastration, with or without subsequent drug treatment, caused almost complete cessation of spermatogenesis 30 days after the operation.
An experimental approach to surgery of the equine fetlock and its associated structures. An illustrated approach to the medial aspect of the equine fetlock joint is described, whereby the collateral ligaments are transected. This approach is suggested as a possible technique for metatarsal or metacarpal bone fracture repair by retrograde pinning, arthrodesis of the fetlock joint and other joint and sesamoid bone surgery. The histological evidence of satisfactory healing is presented and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Drug interactions in the horse: effects of chloramphenicol, quinidine, and oxyphenbutazone on phenylbutazone metabolism. The plasma half-life of phenylbutazone in horses was not increased after pretreatment with chloramphenicol or quinidine, but was increased after oxyphenbutazone. This increased plasma half-life after oxyphenbutazone is consistent with observations in other species and suggests that oxyphenbutazone inhibits the metabolism of phenylbutazone in horses. Lack of inhibition of phenylbutazone metabolism in the horse by chloramphenicol and quinidine is inconsistent with results obtained in other species.
Human lymphocyte subpopulations: rosette formation with sheep, human and horse red blood cells. Rosette formation between human lymphocytes and horse red blood cells could be promoted by a low pH medium, overnight incubation and a temperature of 4 degrees C. The percent of sheep, horse and human rosette-forming cells in the peripheral blood were 71.7 +/- 1.8, 30.5 +/- 2.8 and 28.3 +/- 3.4 respectively. However, their percentages in thymuses were 97.1 +/- 1.1, 91.4 +/- 2.4 and 89.0 +/- 3.4. Using preparations of isolated subpopulations, it was observed that the horse and human red cell rosette-forming cells were probably also "early" sheep red cell rosette-forming cells. Rosette formation...
