Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Equine Health
Equine health encompasses the study and management of diseases, disorders, and overall well-being of horses. It involves understanding various physiological systems, preventive care, and treatment strategies to maintain optimal health in equine populations. Common areas of focus include nutrition, infectious diseases, orthopedic conditions, and reproductive health. Research in equine health aims to advance knowledge on diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and management practices that improve horse welfare and performance. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine health, offering insights into current findings and advancements in the field.
An ultrastructural and histochemical study of the interstitial cells in the gonads of the fetal horse. Gonadal tissue obtained at about 50-day intervals from Days 60 to 300 of gestation was examined histologically, histochemically and in the electron microscope. The marked enlargement of the gonads (ovaries or testes) reached a peak around Day 250 and was caused by hypertrophy and hypoplasia of interstitial cells. These cells had all the ultrastructural characteristics of a steroid-secreting cell but delta5-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) was not detected at any stage of their development. There was no significant change in the ultrastructure of the interstitial cells between Day...
Neuropathology of the convulsive foal syndrome. Brains from eighteen Thoroughbred foals suffering from the convulsive foal syndrome were examined neuropathologically and compared with brains from nine foals dying from different causes. In the brains of nine convulsive foals there was necrosis of the cerebral cortex, accompanied in three by severe necrosis of the diencephalon and brain stem; haemorrhage into the cerebral cortex was also present in most of this group. In the other nine brains from convulsive foals there was haemorrhage, often severe, especially in the white and grey matter of the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum. Minimal...
Mammalian erythrocyte glutathione reductase: kinetic constants and saturation with cofactor. Glutathione reductase (GR) was studied in erythrocytes of horses, cats, dogs, and man. Glutathione reductase activity was measured in hemolysates with and without preincubation of hemolysates with flavinadenine dinucleotide. The percentage saturation of GR apoenzyme with cofactor (flavin-adenine dinucleotide) was lower in cats and dogs than in horses or man. The greatest amount of inactive apoenzyme was in feline erythrocytes. Total GR activity listed in order by species is cat greater than man greater than dog greater than horse. Kinetic constants for oxidized glutathione and reduced nicotina...
The fine structure of the glycocalyx of equine spermatozoa: a high-resolution cytochemical study. Equine spermatozoa were obtained from ejaculates of young stallions. The seminal plasma was removed and the sperm pellets washed three times with 0-15 M-NaCl solution before final centrifugation at 4500 g for 15 min. The pellets were fixed in a mixture of 2-5% glutaraldehyde in 0-1 M-cacodylate buffer, pH 7-4, with 0-5% Alcian blue and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide with 1% lanthanum nitrate; other samples were treated with ruthenium red. All samples were dehydrated in ascending concentrations of ethanol, embedded in araldite and thin sections examined in an electron microscope. Electron de...
The cycle of oestrus, ovulation and plasma levels of hormones in the mare. The duration of the oestrous cycle and day of ovulation were recorded in six mares which were used for concurrent assay of plasma levels of sex steroids and pituitary LH concentration. Peak of progesterone were reached during dioestrus and those of oestradiol and androstenedione occurred 2 days before ovulation and were in decline on the day of ovulation. Plasma oestrone remained constant (between 9 and 12 pg/ml) throughout the cycle. Plasma LH rose to a maximum near to the time of ovulation, and thereafter decreased gradually until mid-dioestrus. The pattern of secretion is compared with that...
Studies on dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate toxicity: clinical, gross and microscopic pathology in the horse and guinea pig. Concentrations of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) ranging from three to five times the recommended dosage produced severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration and death in seven horses and 66 guinea pigs when administered experimentally per os. Clinicopathological findings indicated hemoconcentration in both horses and guinea pigs. There was a leucocytosis in the guinea pigs given the highest dosages. In all cases the principal finding at necropsy was extreme fluid distention of the intestinal tract. There was histopathological evidence of epithelial denudation and vascular stasis. The LD50 in the ...
Using body size to understand the structural design of animals: quadrupedal locomotion. Many parameters of gait and performance, including stride frequency, stride length, maximum speed, and rate of O2 uptake are experimentally found to be power-law functions of body weight in running quadrupeds. All of these parameters are reasonably easy to measure except maximum speed, where the question arises whether one means top sprinting speed or top speed for sustained running. Moreover, differences in training and motivation make comparisons of top speed difficult. The problem is circumvented by comparing animals running at the transition between trotting and galloping, a physiologicall...
Semen characteristics in thyroidectomized stallions. Three Quarter-horse stallions were surgically thyroidectomized at 18 months of age. Weekly semen collections were made from these and three control stallions from 25 to 39 months of age. Although the induced state of hypothyroidism in young stallions has a depressing effect on libido and general animation and can be corrected by thyroprotein supplementation, semen characteristics, testicular histology and fertility are not affected by the operation.
Diarrhoea in horses associated with ulceration of the colon and caecum resulting from S vulgaris larval migration. The clinical manifestations of a diarrhoeic syndrome of horses with ulceration of the mucosae of the colon and caecum are described. Patients could be divided into three groups according to their presenting symptoms and the disease is probably caused by the thrombo-embolism associated with migrating larvae of Strongylus vulgaris. The differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment are outlined with particular reference to the use of antithrombotic agents.
Antigenic relationship between the surface antigens of avian and equine influenze viruses. Influenza virus Equine 1 (A/equine/Prague/56) has a hemagglutinin which is antigenically related to the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus strain Rostock (FPV) and a neuraminidase which cross-reacts with the enzyme of virus N (A/chick/Germany/49). After a single injection of chickens with Equine 1 virus no hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) and neutralizing antibodies against FPV can be demonstrated, although the birds are fully protected against a lethal dose of FPV. HI and neutralizing antibodies against FPV appear after a second injection of Equine 1 virus several weeks after the first one. L...
[The effect of pregnant mare’s serum on the level of K+ ions in the immature rat ovary]. Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin enhanced potassium level in immature rat ovaries in comparison with controls, three hours after intravenous injection. In vivo 42K uptake was also 36% higher (p less than or equal to 0,01) in PMSG primed rat ovaries. This response was specific to the ovary. Experiments are carried out to determine correlation between K+ level and macromolecule biosynthesis.
Laboratory studies of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in equines, Texas, 1971. During the summer and fall of 1971, epizootic and epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis was detected in Texas. Isolates of epizootic (IB) and vaccine (TC-83) strains were distinguished by virulence of the former for guinea pigs. Vaccine virus was isolated from 1 to 14 days after vaccination and neutralization tests demonstrated the appearance of antibody about a week after vaccination. Viremia titers of subtype IB in horses ranged from 2.2 to 8.3 log10 suckling mouse intracranial 50% lethal doses per ml. Of 101 equines from which Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (IB or TC-83) strains wer...
Plasma immunoreactive calcitonin levels in pregnant mares and newborn foals. Plasma calcium and calcitonin levels were measured periodically during the two last months of pregnancy and at the time of parturition in 9 pregnant mares and their foals. In pregnant animals, there was an increase in plasma calcitonin levels in the days before parturition, which was not due to any change in plasma calcium. This result indicates that in the mare, as in the cow, in the days before parturition CT secretion escapes from its control by plasma calcium. In 0-day and 7-day-old foals plasma calcium levels were significantly higher than in their mothers, but plasma calcitonin levels we...
Bile acid kinetics and bile secretion in the pony. Bile acid pool size and synthesis rate were determined by both isotope-dilution and washout methods in ponies with chronic external biliary fistulas. Bile acid pool size (10.9 mumol/kg) and synthesis rate (11.2 mumol/day per kg) estimated by the isotope-dilution method did not differ significantly from pool size (9.4 mumol/kg) and synthesis rate (9.5 mumol/day per kg) estimated by washout method. Bile acid-dependent and -independent fractions of bile flow, determined by a method that circumvents any inevitable correlation of flow to bile acid secretion due to common factors in both parameters,...
Collection of bone grafts from the tuber coxae of the horse. Autogenous bone grafts were obtained from the tuber coxae of 9 horses. The method used involved an oblique incision to expose the lateral aspect of the tuber coxae. The periosteum was incised and reflected in order to make a 5- by 2.5-cm opening in the lateral cortex for graft retrieval. The method provided good visualization, ample grafting material, and freedom from postsurgical complications.
Periovulatory changes in peripheral plasma progesterone and estrogen concentrations in the mare. Concentrations of progesterone and estrogen were measured in peripheral blood plasma samples from mares around the time of ovulation. Samples were collected every 2 hours from 36 hours before, to 26 hours after, ovulation and assayed by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone concentrations were between 60 and 100 pg/ml for the period 24 hours before ovulation through 8 hours after ovulation. By 10 hours after ovulation, concentrations increased to 140 pg/ml and, by 26 hours after ovulation, reached 346 pg/ml. Plasma estrogen concentrations did not change significantly throughout the same period.
