Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Equine Science
Equine Science encompasses the study of horses and their management, health, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines such as biology, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine to understand and improve the well-being and capabilities of horses. Areas of focus include equine anatomy, reproduction, behavior, and disease prevention. Research in equine science aims to enhance horse care, optimize training and performance, and address health challenges. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine science, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in the field.
Two rare cutaneous neoplasms in horses: apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma. Two rare equine cutaneous neoplasms, an apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and a carcinosarcoma were diagnosed in a 17-year-old pony and a 14-year-old mare, respectively. The apocrine gland adenocarcinoma was present on the prepuce. Histologically, papillary projections of low cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells were generally well differentiated, and surrounded dilated acini. Stromal invasion was present, but vascular and lymphatic invasion was not seen. The carcinosarcoma was present in the right flank of the mare. Two discrete cell populations were characterized histologically. One portion of ...
Effects of the dam on equine chorionic gonadotropin concentrations during pregnancy. Breeding trials were designed to determine the influence of the mare on serum concentrations of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) from Day 39 to Day 104 of gestation. Sires were ranked according to mean eCG concentrations found in the groups of randomly selected mares to which they were mated in 1983. Mares were ranked according to their mean eCG concentrations on Days 55, 71 and 85 of gestation (Day 0 = mating), in 1983 and 1985. In the 1986 breeding season, mares that had pregnancies characterized by high eCG levels were mated to sires previously associated with low eCG concentration pregn...
Effects of active immunization against GnRH on LH, FSH and prolactin storage, secretion and response to their secretagogues in pony geldings. Six pony geldings were actively immunized against GnRH conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to study 1) the relative dependency of LH and FSH storage, secretion and response to GnRH analog on GnRH bioavailability and 2) the effects of reduced GnRH bioavailability on GnRH storage in the hypothalamus. Five geldings were immunized against BSA. Geldings were immunized in December and 4, 8, 14, 20, 26 and 32 wk later. Ponies immunized against GnRH had increased (P less than .01) GnRH binding in plasma within 6 wk. By June, plasma concentrations of LH and FSH in ponies immunized against GnRH had...
Use of electromyography for the diagnosis of equine hyperkalemic periodic paresis. The use of electromyography (EMG) as a diagnostic aid for equine hyperkalemic periodic paresis (EHPP) was investigated in seven affected and seven control horses. Affected horses were confirmed positive for EHPP either by elevated serum potassium concentration with clinical signs of myotonia, or by inducing hyperkalemia and clinical signs using oral potassium chloride challenge. All horses were asymptomatic at the time EMG was performed, using bipolar fine wire needle electrodes. The myopotentials were recorded on magnetic tape and displayed on paper charts for analysis. Insertional and restin...
Culture of 5-day horse embryos in microdroplets for 10 to 20 days. Embryos were recovered from the uteri of mares 5 d after ovulation. Six embryos, all morulae, were placed singly in 200-ul droplets of Ham's F-12 with 10% fetal calf serum and cultured at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO(2) atmosphere. The embryos expanded to form blastocysts by the third day of culture. The blastocysts hatched from their zona pellucida, rather than the zona thinning and flaking off, as occurs in vivo. Hatching from the zona pellucida began on the third day of culture and was complete in five of six embryos by the sixth day. The embryonic capsule, normally present in equine embryos aft...
Inhibition and recognition studies on the glutathione-binding site of equine liver glutathione S-transferase. Equine liver glutathione S-transferase has been shown to consist of two identical subunits of apparent Mr 25,500 and a pl of 8.9. Kinetic data at pH 6.5 with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a substrate suggests a random rapid-equilibrium mechanism, which is supported by inhibition studies using glutathione analogues. S-(p-Bromobenzyl)glutathione and the corresponding N alpha-, CGlu- and CGly-substituted derivatives have been found, at pH 6.5, to be linear competitive inhibitors, with respect to GSH, of glutathione transferase. N-Acetylation of S-(p-bromobenzyl)glutathione decreases binding by 1...
Variable locations of nutrient foramina of the proximal phalanx in forelimbs of Thoroughbreds. Bilateral metacarpophalangeal radiographs of 100 Thoroughbreds were examined for visualization and location of the major nutrient foramen of the proximal phalanx. The foramina were located on the dorsal or palmar aspects of the cortex or were not visible radiographically. Of the 100 horses, 60 had the same pattern in both forefeet. In the remaining 40 horses, the left and right proximal phalangeal foramina were asymmetric. Of the 200 proximal phalangeal foramina (100 horses), 53 were on the dorsal aspect of the cortex and 101 were on the palmar aspect of the cortex; 46 were not visible radiogr...
Subcutaneous part of the masseteric ramus of the external carotid artery as a proposed site of pulse-taking in Thoroughbreds. The subcutaneous part of the masseteric ramus of the external carotid artery can be used as a proposed site of pulse-taking in most Thoroughbreds. It is located on the lateral surface of the masseter muscle, and its contour may be visible in association with a summer coat.
Autonomic innervation of the equine urinary bladder. The distribution and density of intrinsic autonomic nerve fibers and cells were studied in the equine urinary bladder by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method to localize tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), and by means of a histochemical technique to detect acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The results suggest that the equine urinary bladder, like that of other mammalian species, possesses a rich autonomic innervation which includes catecholaminergic and acetylcholinesterase positive nerves. At least a part of these nerve fibers have an intrinsic origin from ganglion ce...
A scanning electron microscopic study of the equine upper respiratory tract. The surface features of the upper respiratory tract of 20 clinically normal horses of various ages and types were studied with scanning electron microscopy. In the rostral part of the nasal cavity, there was a wide zone of non-ciliated epithelium whereas, caudally, the surface was well ciliated. This latter type of epithelium extended into the nasopharynx and guttural pouches although scattered areas of non-ciliated microvillous cells were also found.
The equine fundus. II: Normal anatomical variants and colobomata. A wide range of fundic variants are encountered during routine ophthalmoscopic examination of visually normal horses, often causing the examiner difficulty in assessing their clinical significance. Many of these are anatomical variants having no significant effect on visual function, and lie within the limits of normality in the horse. This paper illustrates this range of variants and discusses their anatomical basis and physiological consequences. Colobomata are non-progressive discontinuities in the structure of the anatomic fundus, occasionally noted as incidental findings during ophthalmos...
[Little-studied parasitic strongylid larvae (Nematoda: Strongylidae) in horses]. Parasitic larvae of 30 strongylid species of horses out of 53 species known for the fauna of the USSR are identified. The paper presents descriptions of 7 earlier unknown phenons of parasitic late 4th-stage larvae, the specific belonging of which in not yet ascertained. The possibility of their identification is discussed.
Synthesis of heat stress proteins in lymphocytes from livestock. Cultured bovine, equine, ovine and chicken lymphocytes responded to heat stress by the increased synthesis of a specific set of proteins known as heat stress proteins (HSP). Proteins with molecular weights of 70 and 90 kDa were synthesized in all species. Additional proteins were found in bovine, ovine and chicken lymphocytes. A time course of induction showed an increased synthesis of some of these proteins with only 30 min of heat stress and of several proteins with 60 min of heat stress. A specific monoclonal antibody was used to identify HSP70 as one of the stress proteins in bovine lympho...
Peripheral corneal ulcers in the horse. This report involves a retrospective study of five horses with an unusual form of progressive peripheral corneal ulcers. These ulcers were located at the perilimbal region of the cornea and spread both centripetally to mid periphery and circumferentially. Lipping of the epithelial edge was observed often. The depth ranged from superficial to mid stroma. Patients ranged from two and a half to eight years, both sexes, and were referred after a variety of antibacterial therapy. Histories were similar in that all ulcers were initially located adjacent to the limbus in one or more quadrants. No tra...
A comparison of two computer-automated semen analysis instruments for the evaluation of sperm motion characteristics in the stallion. Two commercially available computer-automate semen analysis instruments (CellSoft Automated Semen Analyzer and HTM-2000 Motion Analyzer) were compared for their ability to report similar results based on the analysis of pre-recorded video tapes of extended, motile stallion semen. The determinations of the percentage of motile cells by these instruments were more similar than the comparisons between subjective estimates and either instrument. However, mean values obtained from the same sample may still differ by as much as 30 percentage units between instruments. Instruments varied with regard ...
Attempted transmission of Ehrlichia risticii (Rickettsiaceae) with Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae). Experimental transmission of Ehrlichia risticii, the causal agent of Potomac horse fever, was attempted with adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, (L.) using two feeding schedules. In schedule A, a set of 140 flies was allowed to feed once on an experimentally infected donor pony and once 24 h later on a recipient pony. A different set of flies was used each day for a 12-d period. In schedule B, 240 flies were allowed to feed once daily for 12 consecutive d on the donor pony followed by five consecutive daily feedings on the recipient pony. E. risticii was isolated from the blood of the exp...
Peritoneal fluid values from healthy foals. Peritoneal fluid was analysed from 17 foals, aged 13 to 134 days with a mean age of 68 days. Cytologically, the peritoneal fluid was characterised by a mean total cell count of 0.45 x 10(9)/litre (range 0.06 to 1.42 x 10(9)/litre), rare eosinophils, rare cytophagia and variable percentages of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. These data indicate that peritoneal fluid nucleated cell counts over 1.50 x 10(9)/litre in the foal should be interpreted as elevated. Biochemical evaluation revealed a mean biuret protein level of 12 g/litre, mean refractive index protein level of 16 g/litre and urea ni...
[The cardiotropic, hypometabolic and hypothermic activity of peptide fractions from the tissues of hibernating cold-adapted animals]. From tissues of hibernating and active long-tailed ground squirrels and from the brain of cold-adapted Yakut horses, low molecular peptide fractions were obtained which, after injection to albino mice, decreased oxygen consumption and rectal temperature in them. The same fractions exhibited negative chrono- and inotropic effects on isolated hearts of ectothermic and endothermic animals. Fractions from the brain of ground squirrels and the brain of horse exhibited similar pattern of the activity. The activity of fractions was subjected to seasonal changes and depended on the degree of their pur...
Feed additives and contaminants as a cause of equine disease. The equine practitioner often encounters serious diagnostic and therapeutic challenges regarding the specific origin of a disease. Such challenges may occur when horses become unaccountably ill after consuming what was thought to be acceptable feed but which in fact was contaminated or contained additives intended for other species. Examples of such additives and contaminants are monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, blister beetles, and such antimicrobics as lincomycin and clindamycin.
