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Topic:Equine Science
Equine Science encompasses the study of horses and their management, health, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines such as biology, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine to understand and improve the well-being and capabilities of horses. Areas of focus include equine anatomy, reproduction, behavior, and disease prevention. Research in equine science aims to enhance horse care, optimize training and performance, and address health challenges. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine science, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in the field.
The presence of two (Na+ + K+)-ATPase inhibitors in equine muscle ATP: vanadate nad a dithioerythritol-dependent inhibitor. A potent inhibitor of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity was purified from Sigma equine muscle ATP by cation- and anion-exchange chromatography. The isolated inhibitor was identified by atomic absorption spectroscopy and proton resonance spectroscopy to be an inorganic vanadate. The isolated vanadate and a solution of V2O5 inhibit sarcolemma (Na+ + K+)-ATPase with an I50 of 1 micrometer in the presence of 1 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 145 mM NaCl, 6mM MgCl2, 15 mM KCl and 2 mM synthetic ATP. The potency of the isolated vanadate is increased by free Mg2+. ...
Studies on the livestock of southern Darfur, Sudan VI. Notes on equines. Equines have been largely ignored in modern scientific literature on domestic animals, probably because they are not providers of meat and milk. Their contribution to the economy in the Sudan, however, is considerable and they are the principal means of transport both as baggage and as riding animals. They also play an important role in the supply of fuel and the distribution of domestic water in the larger villages and towns. Information on population structure is provided and descriptions, with particular reference to withers height and weight, are given of two types of donkey and of the hor...
Energy under-nutrition in the weanling filly foal. III. Effects on heart rate and subsequent voluntary food intake. In two separate experiments food intakes and heart rates were monitored in New Forest and Welsh filly foals maintained at constant weight (by energy restriction) or allowed to grow normally for 180 (New Forest) or 147 (Welsh) days. Subsequent to these periods voluntary food intakes from feeding the same diet for 107 days (New Forest ponies) and herbage dry matter intakes from allowing free access to pasture for 42 days (Welsh ponies) were recorded. In the ponies maintained at constant live-weight food intakes and heart rates declined to reach and remain at new low levels. Herbage dry matter co...
Evaluation of cambendazole paste against nematodes in horses in a field trial. The anthelmintic canbendazole (CBZ), adminis-
tered in several formulations to horses in critical
trials, has been shown to have high effcacy
against intestinal nematodes (3, 4, 6). There are
two reports of field trials with CBZ (2, 5), and
although a large number of horses were involved,
the efficacies reported were for a restricted
number of nematodes. Recently, CBZ paste was
administered to horses in another field trial and
the findings on rxdatability, safety and efficacy
against a wide range of nematodes are presented.
Response of horses to sweet, salty, sour and bitter solutions. The two-choice preference test was used to
characterize the test reactions of five immature
horses to sweet, salty, sour and bitter tasting
solutions. Sucrose was preferred ('>60% of total
fluid as test solution) to tap water by the foals at
concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 10 g/100 ml.
Concentrations above and below this range result-
ed in indifference (40 to 60% of fluid consumed as
test solution). The horses were indifferent to NaCI
until a concentration of.63 g/100 ml was reached.
At this level the mean response changed to
rejection (<40% of total fluid as test solution).
F...
Limb skin thermometry in racehorses. Skin temperature measurements were recorded of the legs of 13 racehorses between 2 and 5 years old. The normal limb temperature patterns are described. In over 90 per cent of the normal horses the difference between contralateral limbs was less than 1 degree C, but in the remainder differences of up to 8 degree C were recorded due to the excessive cooling of one limb. One horse had a constant temperature elevation of one foreleg, but it remained in training for 7 weeks without any obvious ill effects. Because of the small numbers of horses in the survey and their freedom from tendon injuries i...
Linkage of tobiano coat spotting and albumin markers in a pony family. Genetic segregation patterns among blood type markers and various phenotypically observed traits were studied in a small herd of ponies. The herd consisted of 10 mares without white spotting and a single stallion with the dominant pattern of tobiano spotting. Comparison of segregation patterns at loci for which the stallion was heterozygous showed tight linkage for the Alb-B and tobiano markers. In 17 cases in which the Alb contribution of the sire could be determined, all 10 foals that inherited AlbB from him were tobiano spotted, and all 7 non-spotted foals inherited his AlbA. The use of the...
Blood and tissue content of the iso-enzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in the thoroughbred. The occasions, position and relative concentration of LDH iso-enzymes in the blood tissues of the thoroughbred horse were determined. Locomotor muscles possess a high concentration of LDH 5 whereas non-locomotor muscles have a low concentration of this iso-enzyme.
Quantitative study of the decussating optic axons in the pony, cow, sheep, and pig. A quantitative study of optic axons in the optic tracts of several species was performed to determine the number and percentage of optic axons that decussate. Animals were prepared by unilateral ocular enucleation, and light microscopic techniques were employed to count the fibers. The mean number of fibers projecting from a single eye was 732,119 for the pony, 1,041,739 for the cow, 534,755 for the sheep, and 442,629 for the pig. The mean degree of crossover at the chiasm was 80.8% in ponies, 82.9% in cattle, 88.9% in sheep, and 87.8% in pigs.
Cerebrospinal fluid acid-base balance during muscular exercise. Ventilation, metabolism, arterial blood gases, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base status were measured in exercise studies on seven ponies during mild, moderate, and near-maximal treadmill exercise. CSF and arterial blood were sampled via indwelling catheters. Generally measurements were made during the 3rd, 6th, and 9th minute of steady-state exercise, with CSF sampled only during the 9th minute. Alveolar ventilation (VA) and metabolic rate (VO2) increased proportionately during exercise below the anaerobic threshold, but above this threshold, VA increased at a faster rate than...
Potency of halothane-N20 in the horse. The minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane which just prevented purposeful movement in response to electrical stimulation was determined in 11 young, healthy, unpremedicated horses breathing oxygen (O2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) and O2. Ventilation was controlled during these MAC studies. The arterial PO2 was always greater than 90 mm of Hg and the average PaCO2. range was 36 to 40 mm of Hg. The MAC for halothane in O2 was 0.93 vol %. Alveolar N2O concentrations of 25% and 50% reduced the halothane MAC about 12% and 25%, respectively. In 8 of these horses, the cardiovascular effects of...
