Equine Science encompasses the study of horses and their management, health, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines such as biology, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine to understand and improve the well-being and capabilities of horses. Areas of focus include equine anatomy, reproduction, behavior, and disease prevention. Research in equine science aims to enhance horse care, optimize training and performance, and address health challenges. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine science, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in the field.
Lapin DR, Ginther OJ.A crude equine pituitary ethanol extract (EE) was used to induce single and miltiple ovulations in seasonally anovulatory pony mares 3-15 years of age. 12 mares were injected daily for 14 days with EE; 6 of the EE-treated mares were also treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and 6 control mares received saline vehicle only. In a 2nd experiment designed to determine if EE treatment could induce multiple ovulations in seasonally ovulatory mares, 7 mares were treated during diestrus, 7 mares were treated beginning on Day 1 of estrus, and 7 remained untreated. The results of experiment ...
Pipers FS, Hamlin RL.Echocardiograms were obtained from 25 standing, clinically normal horses, using an ultrasonic recording device. The echobeam penetrated the right thoracic wall in the area of the 4th to 5th intercostal space, with a frequency of 2.5 mHz. Measurements of left ventricular wall thickness generated a mean value of 3.2 +/- 0.18 (SEM)cm, whereas the left ventricular chamber diameter in diastole was 9.3 +/- 0.30 cm and in systole was 5.7 +/- 0.23 cm. The aortic root dimensions had a mean of 7.7 cm, with a SEM of 0.16. Mitral valve closing slope (E-F) was calculated to be 17.7 +/- 0.87 mm/second, and ...
Mason DK, Kwok HW.Haematological and biochemical values were determined in 2 groups of flat-race horses, which were trained on the same track in Hong Kong. The first group comprised 217 horses (435 blood samples) from various training strings. The second group, 66 horses (309 blood samples) were from one string kept under similar managemental conditions, but given salts by stomach tube 8 hours before blood sampling. Both groups were sub-divided to show the efs, thus confirming work by other authors. The lower haematological values in the group of horses given salts were discussed and the effect of water retenti...
Webbon PM.The results of a survey are presented in which 589 limbs from 206 horses were dissected. In174 of the limbs lesions were found in either the superficial (131) or deep (43) digital flexor tendons. Changes occurring with age were also recorded. The sites of the abnormalities and their macroscopical appearance are described and the value of the results is considered in relation to the diagnosis and the treatment of clinical lesions.
Thompson DL, Pickett BW, Berndtson WE, Voss JL, Mett TM.Stallions were subjected to a gradually increasing photoperiod beginning on October 15, 1973. The maximum artificial daylength (16 hr) was imposed on February 8, 1974, and maintained until October 6, 1974. Two ejaculates were collected from each of five treated and four control stallions weekly, with an interval of 24 hr between die paired ejaculates on the first and alternate weeks, and an interval of 1 hr on the second and alternate weeks. During summer, stallions subjected to the artificial photoperiod produced less (P<.05) gel-free semen and gel per ejaculate and had more (P<.05) spermatoz...
Colles CM, Jeffcott LB.Much has been written on laminitis and its treatment over the past 200 years. This article makes a brief review of the practical essentials of the disease and considers some of the recent trends in therapy. Knowledge of the pathogenesis and aetiology of equine laminitis is still very incomplete but recent work in the United States by Coffman and his colleagues has been particularly productive.
Schubert B.Some chromatographic procedures, which can be used to detect and determine certain corticosteroids in samples from race horses, are described. These procedures include thin-layer, gas and high pressure liquid chromatography.
Hall-Patch PK, Orton RG, Sampson JH.A description is given of trail and endurance riding in the UK as controlled by the Endurance Horse and Pony Society. Veterinary involvement and responsibility are described and measures for their satisfactory execution discussed. Opportunities and need for research into the problems arising are mentioned.
Science (New York, N.Y.)May 2, 1969
Volume 164, Issue 3879 543-547 doi: 10.1126/science.164.3879.543
Jepsen GL, Woodburne MO.A lower jaw of an eohippus (Hyracotherium cf. H. angustidens) from late Paleocene strata in Wyoming has extended the geological record of fossil horses into pre-Eocene time and suggests that the order Perissodactyla had an origin earlier than that heretofore conjectured. This specimen, together with equid teeth also possibly of late Paleocene age from Baja California, indicates that early perissodactyls were widespread on the North American continent before the Eocene epoch. Late Paleocene and early Eocene deposits of northwestern Wyoming have yielded many vertebrate rarities and "first or ear...
Merkt H.The use and techniques of artificial insemination for horses in Germany over the last 30 years is described. Artificial insemination appears to produce pregnancy percentages equal to those from normal breeding methods and its continued availability under veterinary supervision is recommended in conditions where disease, disability or distance debar normal service.
Pintea V, Ganţă C.The mm. lumbricales and the mm. capsulares of the shoulder and hip joints of the horse are rich in neuromuscular spindles (NMS). The mm. interossei of the pig, but not of the horse, have NMS too. In the m. orbicularis of the eye, m.hyo-epiglotticus and the m. palatinus of the horse NMS are absent. In the vestigial muscles, as m. extensor digitorum brevis and m. of Thiernesse, NMS are absent too. A role of modulator for the proximal muscles of the limbs by the distal muscles is hypothesized, as well as the absence of NMS in striated muscles not involved in locomotion.
Gill J, Cedro H, Piróg B.In 8 stallions and 6 mares of pure Arabian breed the diurnal changes in the levels of lactic and pyruvic acid, glucose, and alkaline reserve were studied. All of them showed distinct diurnal changes but they failed to fulfil the criteria of circadian rhythm according to Halberg. It was found that all peaks occurred during the dark phase of the 24 h period except the glucose level in the stallions. Three of the indices studied showed higher mean diurnal levels in the mares than in the stallions. Only in the glucose level the mean values were reversed.
May SA, Hooke RE, Lees P.The concentration of Percoll required for isolating equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been reinvestigated. A poor cell yield was obtained at the 60 per cent concentration already reported. It is recommended that workers specifically interested in high yields of mononuclear cells, for investigation of lymphocyte and monocyte functions, use a concentration of 65 per cent Percoll. However, workers wishing to isolate pure populations of equine neutrophils might consider a concentration of 70 per cent in the upper layer of Percoll used to retain the mononuclear cells.
McCullagh KG, Silver IA.The historical development of "firing" as a treatment for various complaints in animals and man is followed from the first surviving written account by Vegetius (approximately AD 500) to the present day. Changing concepts as to the mechanism of action of the actual cautery are examined in relation to physiological understanding at various times and conflicting views and evident fallacies are discussed. It is of particular interest that firing of "sinewes" (tendons and ligaments) was expressly forbidden until the 18th century. It is concluded that "firing" is an outmoded practice for which ther...
Deane NJ, Davies AS.A photographic study of the angles of 71 carpal joints of horses at the end of a race has shown that overextension of the joint is normal at this stage. Further study is needed to determine the factors which may influence hyperextension, and whether they are relevant to carpal injury.
Pérez W, Martin E.Thirteen fresh equine heads were dissected in an attempt to determine the cause of a groove frequently found on the dorsal border and medial side of the nasal process of the incisive bone. This groove appeared on both sides in 40 out of 44 equine skulls. The sulcus seems to be caused by the combined action of the lateralis nasi muscle and the medial accessory cartilage of the nose (cartilago nasalis accessoria medialis). Other sulci found on the nasal process of the bone may be explained as impressions caused by nerves.
Magilton JH, Swift CS, Ghoshal NG.The heads of 5 ponies were embalmed and the vessels were double injected with latex. Dissection of these specimens revealed venous pathways (1) from the nasal area to the cavernous sinus and (2) from the parietofrontal region to the ventral petrosal sinus. Thermistors were chronically implanted near the orbital emissary veins of 3 additional ponies. Hot and cold packs were applied alternately to the parietofrontal regions. The temperature near the orbital emissary veins increased during the 5 trials with cold application and decreased during the 5 trials with hot application. The authors were ...
