"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Science (New York, N.Y.)January 19, 1973
Volume 179, Issue 4070 235-239 doi: 10.1126/science.179.4070.235
Protsch R, Berger R.Our dates show that cattle and pigs were first domesticated in Europe. Sheep, which were thought to have become extinct in Europe during the terminal Pleistocene, also appear first in Europe. However, there remains little doubt that sheep were first domesticated in the Near East or Turkey, since no wild sheep appear to have existed in Europe at the beginning of the Holocene. Dogs were domesticated in both the Near East and Europe at virtually the same time. In the Near East, Asiab, at around 8000 B.C., qualifies as the first center of goat domestication. It is also the earliest center of domes...
Melnick JL, Rennick V, Hampil B, Schmidt NJ, Ho HH.This paper describes the preparation of 8 dried pools (designated A to H) of sera. Each pool is composed of 10 or 11 of 42 individual enterovirus equine sera and contains 500 antibody units of each serum component per 0.1 ml. Procedures for using the antiserum pools are given, and guidance is provided for interpreting the results of serum neutralization tests in identifying field isolates.
Chopineau M, Stewart F.Reverse transcription-PCR was used to clone the coding region of the donkey (Equus asinus) glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit transcript from pituitary gland RNA. The donkey alpha-subunit sequence demonstrated considerable identity with the horse (97% at the nucleotide level), confirming the very close evolutionary linkage between these two species. The predicted amino acid sequence revealed that the donkey alpha-subunit has the same unusual C-terminus as the horse alpha-subunit, when compared with all other mammalian alpha-subunits, including a Tyr-His transposition between positions 87 and 9...
Pardoe CH, Wilson AM.Hoof wall cracks need mechanical stabilisation to allow healing. Common techniques are fixation with screws, wires and plates or bonding of a patch across the crack. An in vitro system to determine the shear properties of equine hoof crack repairs is described. The force and displacement at yield, stiffness and ultimate force were determined for 4 repair techniques based on an acrylic material, polyurethane patch attached with cyanoacrylate adhesive, steel plate attached with screws and a transverse metal bar cut into the hoof wall. The cyanoacrylate bonded patch repair had lower values for al...
Paradis MR, Breeze RG, Laegreid WW, Bayly WM, Counts DF.Eight ponies were allotted to 2 groups of 4. Group-1 ponies (1-4) were given 0.2 g of indole/kg of body weight orally and group-2 ponies (5 to 8) were given 0.1 g of indole/kg. Various physical, hematologic, and physiologic measurements were obtained after administration of indole. Intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria were detected in both groups within 24 hours of dosing. Hemolysis was reflected by decreases in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, and RBC count, and an increase in indirect bilirubin. Erythrocyte fragility appeared to increase in both groups at 8 hours after dosing and peaked ...
Jedruch J, Gajewski Z, Kuussaari J.The effect of detomidine on the electrical activity of the uterus was studied during the last trimester of pregnancy in 6 mares. The effect was observed in 3-5 min after the i.m. injection and it lasted for 50-70 min. 20 and 40 micrograms/kg b.w. doses of detomidine decreased the myometrial electrical activity, whereas 60 micrograms/kg dose did not have any effect on the activity. The results suggested that 20, 40 and 60 micrograms/kg b.w. doses of detomidine can be administered to mares during the last trimester of pregnancy without the risk of abortion induced by increased uterine electrical...
Delgado MA, Monreal L, Armengou L, Segura D, Ríos J.Peritoneal D-Dimer concentration can be determined to assess peritoneal fibrinolysis activity in horses with gastrointestinal disorders. However, blood contamination of peritoneal fluid may occur during collection and could alter peritoneal D-Dimer concentration. Objective: Blood contamination in peritoneal fluid does not affect interpretation of peritoneal D-Dimer concentration in horses with colic. Methods: Thirty-four horses with colic and 4 healthy horses. Methods: Peritoneal fluid and blood samples were simultaneously collected upon admission. Then, peritoneal fluid was serially contamina...
Fadok VA.Papules and nodules are common lesions on horses and have a variety of underlying causes. This article addresses inflammatory and congenital nodules primarily, including urticaria, erythema multiforme, those nodules caused by infectious agents, epidermoid and dermoid cysts, and the uniquely equine skin tumor, the sarcoid. The eosinophilic nodules and other tumors are covered elsewhere in this issue. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to each of the diseases are emphasized.
Cannon JK, Ellis KL.Striations are present on ultrasonography of the intermediate (middle) patellar ligament in the transverse plane, which can be confused with tears. Comparison to the contralateral limb is often performed to help differentiate anatomic variation from pathologic change. The purposes of this prospective, observational study were to describe the striation patterns in Warmbloods and Quarter Horses, determine if these patterns are bilaterally symmetrical, and compare striation characteristics between Warmbloods and Quarter Horses. The intermediate patellar ligaments of six Warmblood horses and six Q...
Schreeg ME, Radkin M, Haugland J, Murphy BG, Rushton S, Linder KE.Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant odontogenic neoplasm that has been reported only rarely in veterinary species. A 16-y-old Arabian crossbred mare was presented for evaluation of a hard mass on the body of the mandible, with evidence of osteolysis on radiographs. Incisional biopsies revealed an invasive neoplasm comprised of spindloid epithelial cells with a high mitotic count and partial dual cytokeratin-vimentin immunoreactivity. The horse was euthanized because of rapid tumor progression 3 mo after presentation. Postmortem evaluation revealed partial obliteration of the mandible by a ...
Harland S, Smith C, Mogg T, Horadagoda N, Dart A.A mare was referred for further evaluation of a mass found in the left caudal abdomen during a routine postpartum reproductive palpation. The mare was clinically normal with no history of health problems. Ultrasonographic examination of the mass confirmed its presence, but the origin of the mass could not be accurately determined. Routine haematology and serum biochemistry results were within normal limits. The mare was initially treated conservatively with antibiotics, but the mass continued to increase in size, so it was surgically excised. The mass involved the left ovary. The mare showed t...
Houghton E, Teale P, Dumasia MC, Wellby JK.The negative ion chemical ionization mass spectra of the MO-TMS derivatives of the corticosteroids prednisolone, betamethasone and dexamethasone have been obtained using capillary column gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The spectra showed abundant diagnostic ions at m/z greater than 300 allowing for clear discrimination between the three steroid derivatives. A capillary column gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry has been developed to confirm the presence of the parent steroids in horse urine following the administration of...
Campagnolo ER, Trock SC, Hungerford LL, Shumaker TJ, Teclaw R, Miller RB, Nelson HA, Ross F, Reynolds DJ.Dermatitis consisting of blisters on the nose and other parts of the body was reported among horses at a Midwestern horse show. Some horses also had jaundice, hematuria and anorexia. An outbreak investigation was initiated, and of 239 horses for which information could be obtained, 58 (24%) were found to have been affected. Median duration of illness was 5 days, and all horses recovered. Age, sex, water source, grain source, and stabling location were not associated with illness. The use of wood shavings bedding obtained at the show grounds was the factor most strongly associated with the deve...
Platt H.A retrospective study was carried out on post-mortem and biopsy tissue samples from 26 horses with non-alimentary lymphoma. On the basis of their histopathology and cytology, the cases were grouped into several categories: (1) Lymphoblastic lymphomas (6 cases) and primary lymphoblastic leukaemia (2 cases). (2) Histiolymphocytic lymphomas involving the skin (6 cases) or lymph nodes (3 cases). (3) Lymphomas showing follicular development (4 cases). (4) Plasmacytic lymphomas (4 cases). (5) Lymphocytic lymphoma (1 case). Most affected horses were middle-aged or old but lymphoblastic neoplasms tend...
