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Topic:Infection
Infections in horses encompass a range of diseases caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These infections can affect different systems within the horse, such as the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and integumentary systems, leading to a variety of clinical signs depending on the pathogen and the severity of the infection. Common infectious diseases in horses include equine influenza, strangles, and equine herpesvirus. Diagnosis often involves clinical examination, laboratory testing, and sometimes imaging, to identify the causative agent and assess the extent of the disease. Treatment strategies may include antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and preventive measures such as vaccination and biosecurity practices. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases in equine populations.
The effects of repeated administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides to ponies. Repeated exposure of ponies in Escherichia coli endotoxin resulted in attenuation of the packed cell volume, beta-glucuronidase, capillary refill time and neutrophil responses usually accompanying endotoxin administration. An overall decrease in severity of clinical response including reduced mortality was also apparent in ponies with repeated endotoxin exposure. Modification of the febrile response was not observed in any of the experimental groups.
Probstmayria vivipara pinworms in ponies. From 1967--1978 observations were made on the presence of the small equine pinworm, Probstmayria vivipara, in seven experimental ponies. The life cycle of this nematode is unusual in that it is endogenous with development of all stages occurring within the host's digestive tract. Initially, worms were found in the feces of four of seven ponies following treatment with thiabendazole but the infection was later transmitted to all ponies possibly via coprophagy. Still later, based on fecal and postmortem examinations, four of the seven ponies lost their pinworm burdens. At necropsy, the principal...
Studies on experimental enteric salmonellosis in ponies. Clinical, bacteriological, serological and haematological observations were made on 13 adult ponies orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium. The results were compared to two control ponies and four others infected by accidental transmission. The clinical responses in inoculated ponies included pyrexia lasting four days and neutropaenia during the first five days after inoculation followed by a neutrophilia. Pyrexia and neutropaenia was associated with maximal shedding of organisms in the rectal faeces. Changes in the character of the faeces occurred between one and two days after inocula...
Torsion of the uterus–a cause of colic in the mare. A case of uterine torsion in a mare with colic is described in which an early diagnosis was made and the torsion successfully reduced through a standing laparotomy with survival of both the mare and the foal. This case is used to stress the importance of thorough examination of all pregnant mares with colic in order to differentiate uterine torsion from other causes of abdominal pain, thereby avoiding delay in surgical correction and reducing the risk of fetal and/or maternal death. The advantages of the standing laparotomy are presented in support of this method of treatment of torsion of the...
Cystic lymphangioma in a colt. A 6-month-old Morgan colt was examined because of preputial edema and multiple nodular masses in the left inguinal region. A tentative diagnosis of lymphatic hamartoma was made on the basis of initial biopsy findings. The prognosis for surgical excision was poor due to the progressive expansile growth of the tumor. Secondary infectious complications developed, and the colt was euthanatized at the owner's request. An abdominal and retroperitoneal mass was seen at postmortem examination. The mass was adherent to the left lumbar musculature, the craniodorsal aspect of the pelvic inlet, the midjej...
Leukocyte cytotoxicity in a persistent virus infection: presence of direct cytotoxicity but absence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in horses infected with equine infectious anemia virus. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and direct cytotoxicity assays were performed with equine infectious anemia virus-infected target cells, equine leukocytes, and equine anti-equine infectious anemia virus antibody to determine whether these mechanisms play a role in controlling viral replication in equine infectious anemia. Direct cytotoxicity was observed by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 7 of 10 infected horses. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was not observed. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity reaction in horses was then studied by using sheep eryth...
Equine herpesvirus 1 infection in mares vaccinated with a live-virus rhinopneumonitis vaccine attenuated in cell culture. Vaccination, in July and again in either November or December 1976, of 55 pregnant Standardbred mares with a live-virus rhinopneumonitis vaccine attenuated in cell culture failed to protect some mares from infection with equine herpesvirus 1. From 1976-12-08 to 1977-03-08, 33 mares foaled healthy foals, 16 mares foaled dead foals or live foals which died usually within 48 hours and six mares aborted. Gross and histological examinations and virus isolation studies confirmed that equine herpesvirus 1 caused 18 of the 22 neonatal deaths, stillbirths or abortions.
Selective medium for Corynebacterium equi isolation. The development of a selective medium for the isolation of Corynebacterium equi is described. The medium has been used to examine fecal samples from 127 horses of which 90 have been found to carry the organism.
The development of immunity to Parascaris equorum infection in the foal. Following infection with 8000 Parascaris equorum eggs in two- to four-week-old foals reared under worm-free conditions a high percentage of the infective dose completed its tissue migration and returned to the small intestine. Patent infections were establisehd between 81 and 104 days after infection and high faecal egg counts were recorded. A group of six- to 12-month-old foals, which had been either reared under worm-free conditions or exposed to natural ascarid and strongyle infections on pasture, received a similar infection of 8000 P equorum eggs. Compared with the younger foals there was...
Persistent infection of a human lymphoblastoid cell line with equine herpesvirus 1. Infection of a human lymphoblastoid cell line (Jijoye line derived from a Burkitt lymphoma which contains Epstein-Barr virus) with equine herpesvirus 1, maintained and observed for 53 days, was characterized by the continuous production of infectious extracellular and intracellular virus. Maximum virus production correlated with active cell multiplication. Less than 15% of the cells possessed viral capsid antigen at any one time. Five percent of the cells in the Jijoye line possess Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen; 80% of the Epstein-Barr viral caspid-containing cells also contained equine he...
Ascending urinary tract infection in ponies. Two young ponies had the prescrotal portion of their penises accidentally amputated during castration. They both developed ascending urinary tract infections over the next 4 weeks. One pony had a necrotising cystitis and pyelonephritis, the other improved markedly after a urethrostomy had been performed but was destroyed several months later.
Benzimidazole resistance of equine stronygles–critical tests of six compounds against population B. Critical tests were conducted on eight horses naturally infected with several species of large and small strongyles from population B. Tested were six benzimidazoles, including thiabendazole (2 lots) (44 mg/kg of body weight); mebendazole (8.8 mg/kg); cambendazole (two formulations) (20 mg/kg); fenbendazole (10 mg/kg); oxibendazole (10 mg/kg); and oxfendazole (10 mg/kg). All compounds were administered by stomach tube except one of the two cambendazole formulations which was an intraoral paste. Removal of large strongyles (when present), Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus, was 100% b...
