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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy: a review of recent developments. Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM), although a relatively uncommon manifestation of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection, can cause devastating losses on individual farms or boarding stables. Although outbreaks of EHM have been recognized for centuries in domestic horse populations, many aspects of this disease remained poorly characterized. In recent years, an improved understanding of EHM has emerged from experimental studies and from data collected during field outbreaks at riding schools, racetracks and veterinary hospitals throughout North America and Europe. These outbreaks have h...
Missense mutation in exon 2 of SLC36A1 responsible for champagne dilution in horses. Champagne coat color in horses is controlled by a single, autosomal-dominant gene (CH). The phenotype produced by this gene is valued by many horse breeders, but can be difficult to distinguish from the effect produced by the Cream coat color dilution gene (CR). Three sires and their families segregating for CH were tested by genome scanning with microsatellite markers. The CH gene was mapped within a 6 cM region on horse chromosome 14 (LOD = 11.74 for theta = 0.00). Four candidate genes were identified within the region, namely SPARC [Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (osteonectin)], SL...
Exercise does not affect stiffness and mineralisation of third metacarpal condylar subarticular calcified tissues in 2 year old thoroughbred racehorses. Impact exercise has a profound effect in increasing volumetric density of epiphyseal bone, as clearly shown in 2 year old thoroughbred racehorses from which we derived the tissue studied in the present investigation. Here, we asked the question whether the fabric-level properties of the mineralised tissues immediately below hyaline articular cartilage which transmit the extra loads are themselves altered in consequence. We therefore studied the nanoindentation elastic modulus and its relationship to the concentration of mineral determined by quantitative backscattered electron imaging in the h...
Generalized sarcoidosis in two horses. Equine sarcoidosis is a rare disorder usually characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, moderate to severe wasting, and sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation of multiple organ systems. It has an unknown aetiopathogenesis. The condition is not related to equine sarcoid. This case report describes generalized cutaneous and systemic sarcoidosis in an 11-year-old Trakehner mare (case A) and in a 7-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding (case B). Case A was presented with cutaneous sarcoidosis on the head and body and was diagnosed on the basis of histological examination of skin. Case B presented with mul...
Evaluation of a commercially available apparatus for measuring the acute phase protein serum amyloid A in horses. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of an immunoturbidometric assay for measuring the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) in horses in clinical practice. The assay was compared to a previously validated assay, and overlap performance was assessed by measuring the concentration of SAA in clinically healthy horses and horses with inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases. In pools of serum with low and high SAA concentrations the assay's intra-assay coefficients of variation were 11.7 per cent and 4.6 per cent, and its interassay coefficients of variation were 9.1 per...
Disease suspected to be caused by Ross River virus infection of horses. Ross River Virus (RRV) was believed to be the cause of acute illness in four horses around the Bellarine peninsula in south-west Victoria, Australia. The horses presented with clinical signs including petechial haemorrhages, lymphadenopathy, distal limb swelling and reluctance to move. Fibrinogen was also elevated in three of the four horses. Whilst no virus was isolated, serological testing revealed elevated RRV IgM titres in all horses indicating acute infection. The outbreak occurred at a time when a known RRV vector, the mosquito Aedes camptorhynchus was recorded at very high levels in the...
Paediatric and adolescent horse-related injuries: does the mechanism of injury justify a trauma response? To identify the frequency, variety and disposition of horse-related injury presentations to the ED and to use this information to evaluate the existing institutional trauma team activation criteria following horse-related injuries. Methods: A retrospective case analysis was performed of all horse-related injury presentations to the ED of Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, in the 5 year period between January 1999 and December 2003. Results: A total of 186 children presented with horse-related injuries during the 5 year study period. The median age of injury was 9 years (rang...
Initial work experiences of veterinarians who graduated from Australian universities in 2005. To describe the location, type, support from and effects of their first position for the veterinary graduates of 2005, and to make comparisons with graduates of 1950-2000. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to veterinarians who had graduated from an Australian university in 2005, and data were analysed with SAS System 8 for Windows. Results: One-sixth of the graduates left for overseas, and 55% (Murdoch) to 85% (Melbourne) of the remainder found their first veterinary position in the state where they were trained. More were in small animal (48%) and less in mixed practice (48%) than in previous...
[Frequency of diseases and injuries in the Swiss horse population]. Through a written questionnaire, which was sent to a representatively distributed and randomly selected sample of Swiss horse owners, data of 2912 horses and ponies were acquired to extrapolate prevalence data of health disorders. General questions about the horse and associated factors of housing and use, as well as questions about the current health status and the occurrence of diseases and injuries had been asked. 718 horses (24.7% of the sample) had been examined by a veterinarian within the 12 months prior to the survey. Orthopaedic and traumatic disorders (41.5%) had the largest proporti...
Fat embolism secondary to yellow fat disease in an Appaloosa horse. A 4-year-old female Appaloosa horse was referred to the Department of Comparative Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, with a history of colic and acute respiratory distress. At necropsy, gross lesions consisted of extensive firm, multinodular, hemorrhagic foci in fat tissues with yellow-brown discoloration. The most affected areas were peritoneal fat and perirenal, epicardial, and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Other findings were hepatic lipidosis and multiple 1-1.5 cm hemorrhagic foci scattered in both lungs. Histopathological examination revealed severe degeneration and necrosis of adipose tissue...
Idiopathic arterial medial calcification of the thoracic arteries in an adult horse. A 6-year-old, gelded, Paint horse displayed clinical signs of muscle wasting and limb stiffness for a 6-month period. The horse's clinical signs abated with corticosteroid therapy, but returned upon cessation of treatment. Upon necropsy, severe lesions of aortic thickening and aortic valve rigidity were observed. Histologically, the tunica media of the aorta, coronary arteries, and pulmonary arteries were expanded by foci of elastin fiber calcification and extracellular matrix with lacunae formation. The vascular lesions are comparative to what has been described as medial arterial calcificati...
Study of the short- and long-term outcomes of 65 horses with peritonitis. The records of 65 horses with peritonitis examined at two UK referral centres over a period of 12 years were reviewed. Peritonitis was defined in terms of the horse's peritoneal fluid containing more than 5 x 10(9) nucleated cells/l. Horses that had developed peritonitis after abdominal surgery or a rupture of the gastrointestinal tract were excluded. Of the 65 horses, 56 (86 per cent) survived to be discharged. Follow-up information was obtained from practice records and telephone calls to the owners for 38 of the horses. Of these, 32 (84 per cent) had survived for at least 12 months and were...
Alveolar ridge regeneration with equine spongy bone: a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical case series. In the case of localized ridge atrophy, a ridge augmentation procedure, with the use of bone substitutes and barrier membranes, may then be necessary. Objective: The aim of the present study was a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluation of an equine spongy bone in alveolar ridge augmentation procedures. Methods: Five patients showing horizontal mandibular ridge defects participated in this study. A ridge augmentation was performed through an onlay apposition of equine bone covered by a titanium-reinforced membrane. After 6 months of healing, five bone cores from nonaugmented...
Equestrian-related injuries: implications for treatment in plastic surgery. Equestrian activities have always been popular in the United States. As safety guidelines have become more stringent, horse-related injuries have diminished by 40 percent over the past 20 years. Although perhaps less critical than in the past, injuries to equestrians most frequently involve the face, upper extremity, and lower extremity and are commonly evaluated by the plastic surgeon. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of these equestrian-related injuries. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database is a stratified probability sample of ho...
What is your diagnosis? Biopsy impression smear of a hepatic mass in a yearling Thoroughbred filly. A 1-year-old Thoroughbred filly was presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals with a 10-day history of fever, diarrhea, inappetance, and hypodipsia. Clinical pathology abnormalities found by the referring veterinarian included erythrocytosis, hyperproteinemia, and increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. At Cornell University, the laboratory abnormalities were confirmed and also included thrombocytosis and hypoglycemia. Erythrocytosis persisted despite vigorous fluid therapy. Ultrasound examination revealed an extremely enlarged liver with ...
Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for ovulation induction is associated with an immediate 17beta-estradiol decrease and a more rapid LH increase in mares. The effect of treatment with an ovulation-inducing dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on 17beta-estradiol (estradiol) and LH concentrations was studied in mares. In Experiment 1, treatment with hCG resulted in ovulation in approximately 48 h. The LH surge centralized to ovulation and the preovulatory decline in estradiol were not different between hCG-treated (n=15) and control (n=13) groups. In Experiment 2, concentrations of hCG decreased 92% between 1 and 48 h after hCG treatment, estradiol decreased (P<0.003) within 6h, and LH increased at a greater (P<0.02) rate after 12h (n...
[Seroprevalence and month dynamic of Neospora sp. antibodies in pregnant mares]. In order to evaluate the seroprevalence and the dynamic of anti-Neospora antibodies in pregnant mares, serum samples from 14 animals in the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th month of pregnancy were analyzed using indirect immunofluorescense technique. Samples diluted 1:50 showed higher seroprevalence on the 8th month (57%) and higher seropositive conversion on the 10th month. 85,7% of the mares were positive for Neospora sp. on at least one month of pregnancy, and seven from that total were positive on the 11th month, three of which showed the highest titles of 1:200 and 1:400. For the samples diluted 1...
[Occurrence of nematodes in horses from the Northern region, State of Tocantins, Brazil]. The occurrence of nematodes in horses of Northern Region, State of Tocantins was studied. Fecal samples were collected from 70 horses and 31 donkeys, in a total of 101 animals of different ages, in the municipalities of Nova Olinda, Araguanã, Babaçulândia and Santa Tereza. Fecal examination was carried out for counting of eggs per gram of faeces, identification and quantification of larvae, diagnosis of habronemosis and lungworms. Significant occurrence of large and small strongyles and Dictyocaulus sp. was observed but no Habronema spp. larvae was detected.
Equine anesthesia: triple drip. Anesthetization of large animals, such as the horse, is a challenge for veterinarians and compounding pharmacists. This article discusses the technique of intravenous anesthesia by using a combination of xylazine and ketamine in the horse for short-term unconsciousness; a combination of xylazine, diazepam, and ketamine, for improved sedation and muscle relaxation; and a combination of xylazine, ketamine, and guaifenesin, referred to as Triple Drip, for the maximum 1-hour duration of unconsciousness. Compounding pharmacists that have the facilities and training required to prepare sterile compo...
[Parasitological prevalence of cart-horses in Curitiba, Paraná]. The carthorses are used as an alternative for people of low income for collecting recyclable material. However, these horses are managed without proper assistance, suffering several problems, among them the parasites. In this study we used 41 animals, their body condition score and other parameters were analyzed and parasite egg count was performed from fecal samples. It was determined the absence of eggs on 12% and parasite infection in 88%. Strongylids were found in all contaminated animals, often associated with oocysts or Parascaris equorum. This condition may be due to poor nutritional ma...
[Seroepidemiological studies on Babesia equi in horses from the State of Rio Grande do Sul determined by indirect immunoflourecence test and Elisa]. This research was performed to study the prevalence of antibodies against Babesia equi in horses of the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, using ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA). The total sera sample was 380, this number was considered as statistically representative of the population, as determined by mathematical model. The prevalence of B. equi was 31.6% and 35.8% by ELISA and IFA, respectively. The concordance between the assays was 0.87 (indices kappa), which is considered an optimal result. The results did not show any significant statistical difference...
[Control of Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) (Acari: Ixodidae) on equines]. This trial evaluated control practices of Anocentor nitens on equines, using spraying devices and application of acaricide paste formulation in the auricular pavilion and nasal diverticulum. The study was carried out from October 2003 to March of 2008 and the evaluations had been divided in the following stages: Phase 1--out/03 mar/04 and Phases 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, correspondents to the month's periods until março/08. It was used score of 0 to 3 to classify infestation levels. From abr/04 to mar/06 was implanted a schedule of acaricide sprayings every seven days and divided in two se...
[Quantitative prevalence of Anoplocephala sp. and egg shedding consistency in horses]. The objective of this work was to determine the quantitative prevalence of Anoplocephala sp. in thoroughbred horses raised in São José dos Pinhais, PR using the modified centrifugal-flotation technique. Repeatability values for the eggs per gram (EPG) were evaluated at 28-day intervals. The coproparasitological tests were made in 28 one-year old animals, 25 two-year old animals and 28 mares during the 2007 period of January 31st and June 15th. In the comparison of EPG, all mares presented low values than the foals (P = 0.04). The prevalence results indicated 50, 18 and 40% Anoplocephala sp. ...
The horse genome. Despite a late start, analysis of the horse genome has progressed rapidly during the past ten years. With synteny, genetic linkage, radiation hybrid, cytogenetic and comparative maps presently generated for all equine chromosomes including the Y chromosome, the map of the equine genome contains approximately 4,000 markers. The average resolution of the mapped markers is approximately 700 kb, which makes the horse gene map the densest among the domestic animal species hitherto not sequenced. This map is currently used by researchers worldwide to discover genes associated with various traits of ...
Effects of mosapride citrate, metoclopramide hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride, and cisapride citrate on equine gastric emptying, small intestinal and caecal motility. Although extensive work has been done to elucidate the beneficial and unfavorable effects of gastrointestinal prokinetic agents in humans, little is known on the effects of these agents in horses. In this study, we compared the effects of mosapride, metoclopramide, cisapride, and lidocaine on equine gastric emptying, jejunal and caecal motility and evaluated these agents' adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Methods: Seven healthy adult Thoroughbreds. Methods: Mosapride 1.0mg/kg and 2.0mg/kg, metoclopramide 0.2mg/kg, and cisapride 1.0mg/kg were dissolved in 100mL distilled water for oral administrat...
