Omneity® Pellets
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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Complete fractures of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone in horses: 25 cases (1980-1996). To compare treatments of complete fractures of the third metacarpal (MC) or metatarsal (MT) bone in horses and to identify factors that could impact prognosis. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 25 horses with fractures of the third MC or MT bone that were treated by use of internal fixation, external coaptation, or both. Methods: Medical records from the Veterinary Medical Data Base of horses treated for fractures of third MC or MT bone at Texas A&M University from 1980 to 1994 and Purdue University from 1980 to 1996 were reviewed. Information on signalment, results of physical ...
Dental disease in geriatric horses. The dental management of geriatric horses can be a rewarding challenge to the practitioner. Owners become dissatisfied when their expectations are unrealistic. Consequently, communication between the owner and the practitioner is essential prior to the start of any dental procedure in a geriatric horse. Owners often expect the practitioner to correct what has been neglected for years. It is critical that the owner understand the possible complications associated with dental procedures and that some procedures (e.g., trephination) may necessitate protracted care. Often, when a tooth has been re...
Dental imaging. Radiography continues to be the initial test of choice in equine dental imaging for reasons of availability and ability to detect bone and tooth changes. Contrast radiography may be useful to characterize dental involvement in cases with draining tracts. For radiographically occult lesions, other modalities are useful. CT is better than plain radiography due to the inherent avoidance of superimposition of the opposite dental arcade, excellent bone density characterization, and good spatial resolution. Nuclear medicine may be useful to verify bone involvement in the dental region in cases in wh...
Pathophysiology of acquired dental diseases of the horse. Periodontitis, infundibular necrosis, and periapical infection are dental diseases commonly affecting adult horses. Routine dental examinations and care may help to prevent these diseases. Further investigation of the treatment of horses with these diseases using local antimicrobial therapy, restorative dentistry, and endodontic therapy is needed. An understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases aids in diagnosis and treatment. Gingival hyperplasia and odontogenic tumors are uncommon but should remain in a list of differential diagnoses when examining a horse with pertinent clinical sign...
Dental physical examination. The objectives of the equine dental physical examination are to detect and quantify oral and dental disorders, to propose and carry out their treatment, and to implement management programs. The veterinarian should be able to offer a prognosis and to detail any future treatment or management plans that may be required. These objectives should take into account the cost of these procedures, and the veterinarian should be prepared to offer a cost-benefit analysis of the problem and the proposed cures.
Dental embryology, anatomy, development, and aging. Equine practitioners should be knowledgeable of dental anatomy and development to enhance their skill of age estimation of horses. The permanent teeth of horses are continually undergoing changes in shape and appearance. These changes may be used to suggest a reasonable age range for a horse.
Dental surgery in horses. Dental surgery is most often directed at removal of diseased or injured teeth by the least invasive method possible. Some procedures available can preserve traumatized or infected teeth. Complications of dental surgery are well documented and often encountered by veterinary surgeons. Principles of debridement, curettage, lavage and ventral drainage combined with appropriate medicinal management can reduce complications and lead to successful outcome after dental surgery.
Dental care and instrumentation. Equine dentistry is not just carpentry work that involves floating the sharp enamel points off cheek teeth. Although floating is the most common and essential part of equine dentistry, every horse deserves a complete veterinary dental examination on a regular basis. Without such an examination, the equine practitioner can not determine the corrective procedures needed inside the horse's mouth. Dentistry for all ages is covered. Necessary instruments for a complete oral examination are also discussed.
Dental corrective procedures. This article explains what is needed for successful extraction of diseased cheek teeth and how to realign the occlusal surface. Incisor teeth procedures and correcting abnormalities of cheek tooth crown wear are also discussed along with wolf and floating teeth.
Congenital dental disease of horses. Equine congenital dental deformities are not limited merely to those presented here; however, the examples discussed offer the reader an appreciation for the range of severity and complexity that may be found in affected horses. The veterinarian is obligated to provide the best possible care for the patient and to relieve animal suffering. The lack of definitive evidence for heritability of many of these defects can place the veterinarian in an untenable position, particularly when presented with literature that proclaims or suggests without evidence that a particular condition is inherited. I...
Traumatic dental disease and soft tissue injuries of the oral cavity. Trauma to the oral cavity can result in an array of injuries affecting teeth, bone, and soft tissue. A thorough examination of the oral cavity is often facilitated by employing a full-mouth speculum after the horse has been tranquilized. Identification of broken, loose, or split teeth; fractures of the premaxilla or mandible; and avulsion or laceration of soft tissue structures such as the lips or tongue is usually straightforward. Treatment options vary depending on the structure involved; however, appropriate treatment generally results in a functional and cosmetically acceptable end result....
Controlled-release products for the control of the estrus cycle in cattle, sheep, goats, deer, pigs, and horses. This paper describes the estrus cycles of a number of livestock breeds and reviews the controlled-release drug delivery systems that are currently available for the purpose of controlled breeding. The bovine estrus cycle is reviewed in detail, and the estrus cycles of other species are described in a manner that highlights similarities and differences between species. Pertinent formulation and pharmacokinetic information about current drug delivery systems is presented and discussed, and recent advances in this area are also described.
Effect of three types of half-limb casts on in vitro bone strain recorded from the third metacarpal bone and proximal phalanx in equine cadaver limbs. To determine effect of 3 half-limb casts on bone strains recorded from the proximal phalanx (P-1) and third metacarpal bone (MCIII) of equine cadaver limbs, using a mechanical testing machine. Methods: 12 equine cadaver limbs and 4 live horses. Methods: Bone strains were recorded at middorsal P-1 and the dorsal cortical aspect of the distal third of MCIII while limbs were variably loaded with 100 to 1,000 lb of force. To determine ability of the cast to protect the distal portion of the limb from weight-bearing loads, strains were recorded with the limb in 1 of the 3 casts and with it unsuppor...
Rabies prophylaxis following the feeding of a rabid pony. A survey was performed to identify people who were exposed to a rabid pony and determine whether or not they received rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Sixty-one visitors who came in contact with the rabid pony were identified. These visitors heard about the rabid pony via the news media. Forty-five visitors were exposed during the 2 weeks before the pony died. Thirty-two of these 45 visitors received PEP. Thirty-one visitors had or may have had saliva contact to an open wound or mucosa and all 31 received PEP. Fourteen visitors had no saliva contact to a wound or mucosa and one received ...
Blood-gas measurements adjusted for temperature at three sites during incremental exercise in the horse. Rectal temperature (Tre) is often used to adjust measurements of blood gases, but these adjusted measurements may not approximate temperatures during intense exercise at main sites of gas exchange: muscle and lung. To evaluate differences in blood gases between sites, temperatures (T) were measured with thermocouples in the rectum (re), in mixed venous blood (v), in gluteal muscle (mu), and on the skin (sk) in seven Arabian horses as they underwent an incremental exercise test on a treadmill. Blood samples were drawn from the carotid artery and pulmonary artery (mixed venous) 30 s before each ...
Modifications of the form and amplitude of the electrocardiographic QRS complex during growth in the Spanish-bred Horse. Configuration and amplitude values of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram were studied with standard Einthoven leads in 173 healthy Spanish-bred (Andalusian) horses, aged between 1 month and 17 years. Animals which were 1 month old had a predominantly negative QRS complex, whereas a predominantly positive complex direction was found in the rest of the animals. Statistically significant variations were found for the Q-wave and QRS main vector between the different age groups, with highest values for the Q-wave and most negative values for the direction of the QRS main vector in animals up ...
An outbreak of equine leukoencephalomalacia at Oaxaca, Mexico, associated with fumonisin B1. Equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), swine pulmonary oedema and human oesophageal cancer have been associated with fumonisine B1 (FB1) ingestion. For the first time in this study it is reported that FB1 was identified as being associated with an outbreak of ELEM at Oaxaca, Mexico. Symptoms of ELEM and Equine Venezuelan Encephalitis (EVE) are similar and a different diagnosis is obligatory. In the geographical area (Oaxaca, Mexico) where donkeys died showing a neurological syndrome, 14 corn samples were collected. With the use of TLC (Thin layer chromatography) and HPLC (High performance liquid...
Complications associated with administration of detomidine into the caudal epidural space in a horse. A 364-kg (800-lb) 15-month-old sexually intact cryptorchid male Quarter Horse was admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital for castration. The horse was placed in standing stocks, and a caudal epidural injection of 18 mg of detomidine hydrochloride (50 micrograms/kg [23 micrograms/lb] of body weight) was administered. Fifteen minutes after injection, the horse unexpectedly collapsed to the floor, first into sternal, and then into lateral, recumbency. Because the horse would not get up, the decision was made to perform the surgery with the horse under general anesthesia. The horse required ...
Babesia equi field isolates cultured from horse blood using a microcentrifuge method. Babesia equi, a causative agent of equine piroplasmosis, was isolated from horses in the Chaco Province of Argentina, a known piroplasmosis endemic region. Fifteen B. equi field isolates were acquired by culture from 23 actively working horses from 2 ranches. The horses appeared healthy with no clinical signs or histories indicative of equine piroplasmosis. All 23 horses had B. equi-specific antibody activity by the indirect fluorescent antibody test and 18 were also complement fixation test positive for B. equi. Equine erythrocytes were prepared for parasite culture using a microcentrifuge tu...
[Fundamentals of hygiene to be used for stallions in an instrumental artificial insemination]. Equine artificial insemination (AI) meanwhile has been widely established in the warm blood horse industry. Because of its importance consistent hygienic aspects and their significance for the use of stallions as semen donors in AI-programs are presented and clarified. Incidence as well as importance of equine venereal infectious diseases are considered. Data of physiological bacterial genital flora and treatment principles of therapeutic control of venereal infectious bacterial agents as well as a model of control of Equine Viral Arteritis are given. A prophylactic hygiene program for donor s...
Renal failure, laminitis, and colitis following severe rhabdomyolysis in a draft horse-cross with polysaccharide storage myopathy. A Thoroughbred-Percheron crossbred gelding developed a fulminant cascade of sequelae following a severe episode of rhabdomyolysis. Complications may occur with rhabdomyolysis of any etiology. In warmblood horses with Percheron bloodlines, rhabdomyolysis may be secondary to polysaccharide storage disease, and aggressive therapy should be undertaken promptly to avoid the complications.
Endocrine and reproductive consequences of certain endotoxin-mediated diseases in farm mammals: a review. After giving an overview of the general pathology of endotoxin-mediated diseases, the authors summarise the endotoxin-induced endocrine changes and their clinical consequences, with particular regard to reproduction. The consequences of temporary activation of the cyclooxygenase-2 and lipoxygenase enzyme systems resulting in elevated release of various prostanoids are discussed in cyclic and pregnant ruminants, sows and mares. The clinical failures attributable to increased glucocorticoid secretion as well as the endotoxin-induced changes in thyroid function and in peripheral level of some oth...
