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Topic:Veterinary Care
Veterinary care in horses encompasses the medical and preventive measures taken to maintain and improve the health and well-being of equine patients. It includes a wide range of practices such as routine health examinations, vaccinations, dental care, parasite control, and management of injuries and diseases. Veterinary care also involves diagnostic procedures, surgical interventions, and therapeutic treatments tailored to the specific needs of horses. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of equine veterinary care, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and health management strategies to support the well-being and performance of horses.
Use of intraoperative ultrasonography to identify a cervical foreign body. A case report. Real-time ultrasound was used to identify a foreign-body abscess causing an extraluminal esophageal obstruction in the neck of a horse. Surgical exploration to remove the foreign body and drain the abscess was performed after 2 months of medical management that had failed to resolve the problem. The abscess could not be visualized because there was no draining tract or other localizing sign of inflammation. Ultrasound was used aseptically to guide surgical dissection to the walled off abscess with minimal damage to adjacent vital structures in the surgical field. The signs of esophageal obstru...
Survey of the designs of racehorse stables in the south west of England. The design of 96 racehorse stables in the south west of England were surveyed. The 'typical' racehorse is kept in a loose box, bedded on straw and remains indoors while the stable is cleaned. It is given a floor area of 12 m2 and shares its airspace of 39 m3 with seven other horses. Overall, the predicted minimum rate of air change by natural convection in calm winds is 6.6 air changes/h but this is reduced to 2.2 if the top door of the stable is closed. On balance, racehorse stables in use today are based on designs which are worse overall than the best available in the 19th century.
Selection of sites for intramuscular injections in the neck of the horse. A radio-opaque marker was injected intramuscularly at different levels and with needles of different lengths into the cervical musculature of a series of ponies and horses which were under profound anaesthesia prior to euthanasia. Subsequently the necks were sectioned and radiographed to determine the fate of the injected material. The results indicated that care was necessary in the selection of the level for injection in order to prevent deposition of material on to the periosteal surface of the cervical vertebrae or on to the ligamentum nuchae and fascial sheaths. The muscle mass over the t...
Nasomaxillary fibrosarcomas in three young horses. Nasomaxillary fibrosarcoma was diagnosed in 3 young horses. Clinical signs included epiphora, facial swelling, dyspnea, unilateral serosanguineous nasal discharge, or an external mass. Physical examination, radiography, and cytology were important diagnostic adjuncts. The definitive diagnosis in each case was based on biopsy. In one case, surgical removal of the tumor and extensive curettage of the affected sinus resulted in extended remission from neoplastic disease.
Cutaneous vasculitis in horses: 19 cases (1978-1985). The medical records of 19 horses with cutaneous vasculitis were reviewed. Most (73.7%) affected horses were between 3 and 10 years old, and there were significantly more mares (14) than stallions or geldings (5) (P less than 0.01). Subcutaneous edema of the limbs, body, and/or head was the predominant clinical sign (18/19 horses; 94.7%). The single most prevalent laboratory abnormality was neutrophilia (greater than 7,000 neutrophils/microliter), which was detected in 10 horses (52.6%). Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was evident in skin biopsy specimens from 12 of 14 horses (85.7%). All horses we...
Salinomycin poisoning in horses. Six cases of accidental salinomycin poisoning in horses are described. The horses were fed a contaminated ration and presented clinical signs which were extremely varied in nature and severity. However, the range of signs, including anorexia, colic, weakness and ataxia bore similarities to those described in horses poisoned with the related ionophore monensin. Other similarities became apparent in serum biochemical profiles of the clinical cases. Although ionophore toxicity is rarely reported in horses they appear to be particularly susceptible, and it should therefore be considered as a diffe...
Surgical repair of a supraglenoid tubercle fracture in a horse. A fractured right supraglenoid tubercle in a 15-month-old Thoroughbred gelding was repaired by partial biceps brachii tenotomy, interfragmentary compression, and tension band wiring. The horse is currently being ridden daily and has remained sound for 4 years.
Multiple myeloma in a horse. Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in a horse on the basis of clinical signs, protein electrophoresis pattern, Bence-Jones proteinuria, and radiographic changes in bone. The horse had mild depression, weight loss, edema of the distal portion of the left hind limb, anemia, hyperproteinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy in the beta 2 region. Radiographically, punctate cortical lysis of bone was seen. Specific treatment for the multiple myeloma was not attempted and the horse was euthanatized.
Heterogeneity and linkage of equine C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. The fourth component of complement (C4) is polymorphic in most species studied, and is encoded by a gene or genes within the MHC. In man and mouse there are two closely linked C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) genes. Therefore we have used Southern blotting to determine whether equine C4 and 21-OH genes are linked. C4 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was found with the enzymes EcoRI and BamHI. Comparison of the sizes of EcoRI-digested fragments of genomic DNA hybridizing with C4 and 21-OH probes revealed that equine C4 and 21-OH genes are separated by no more than 13 kb. Fur...
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a disease that produces neurologic signs of brain or spinal cord dysfunction. The causative organism is believed to be a Sarcocystis species of protozoa. A definitive diagnosis can only be made on histopathology of affected spinal cord or brain. No preventive measures or documented treatment is available at this time for suspected cases of EPM.
Rhodococcus equi in fecal and environmental samples from Kansas horse farms. Horse farms in Kansas were surveyed for the incidence of Rhodococcus equi. Fecal specimens and soil or cobweb samples were collected from each farm and cultured on selective media. One control farm (with no history of R. equi infection), one farm which had an outbreak 3 and 4 years previously and 2 farms which had R. equi-infected foals that season were surveyed. In addition, fecal samples from 21 horses hospitalized in the Kansas State University Veterinary Hospital were cultured. There was no significant difference in the incidence of R. equi in fecal samples from the 2 farms with recent dis...
Use of erythromycin-rifampin combination in treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. The selection of lipid-soluble antibiotics capable of intracellular penetration is considered critical for the successful treatment of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia and lung abscesses in foals. Two such antibiotics: erythromycin (25 mg kg-1, three times daily) and rifampin (5 mg kg-1 twice daily) have been used in combination for this purpose at the University of Florida since 1981. Positive evidence of R. equi was present on culture of tracheal aspirates in 57 foals, most of which exhibited radiographic evidence of extensive lung abscessation. The duration of therapy ranged from 4 to 9 weeks. Mi...
Two cases of equine primary gastric impaction. The clinical details of two cases of equine primary gastric impaction are described and the syndromes of gastric impaction and dilatation are discussed. Both cases of gastric impaction were successfully treated by gastrotomy and evacuation of the gastric contents.
Convulsive and allied syndromes of the neonatal foal. This article discusses the clinical signs, etiology, management, and prognosis for the neonatal foal afflicted with a convulsive or allied syndrome.
Seasonal occurrence and distribution of Gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus nasalis in the stomachs of equids in Texas. Stomachs of 271 horses and ponies from 2 sources were evaluated for the presence of Gasterophilus intestinalis and G nasalis larvae, through 2 overlapping 12-month periods of bot fly activity in southern Texas. Equids (n = 140) from one source had nearly 96% of their stomachs infected, whereas equids (n = 131) from another source had 44% of their stomachs infected by Gasterophilus spp. Seasonal dynamics of the bot infection indicated the highest average number of bot larvae per infected stomach occurred in the winter and spring. The smallest average number of bots per infected stomach occurred...
Neurologic examination of the horse. Methodology for the neurologic examination in the equine species is described. Information is organized to assist the reader in defining neurologic deficits and in localizing lesions to the major subdivisions within the central or peripheral nervous system. Numerous examples of deficits are presented to assist the reader in recognition of common neurologic disease states.
A review of the pharmacology and clinical uses of ivermectin. The avermectins were introduced in 1981 and constitute a potent new class of anthelmintic agents. They are naturally-derived products of microbial action displaying an exceptionally wide range of antiparasitic efficacy against internal and external parasites of domestic animals. This paper reviews their isolation and chemistry, mechanism of action, chemical efficacy and safety in cattle, sheep, swine, horses and dogs.
Medical management of spinal cord disease. In spinal cord disease of horses, a complete history, neurologic examination, and adjunctive diagnostic procedures are very helpful in establishing a tentative diagnosis; however, a definitive diagnosis may be difficult or impossible to establish antemortem. Medical management should be initiated with full consideration of possible etiologies and knowledge of the effects and consequences of medical therapies. This article discusses the drugs commonly used in the management of spinal cord disease and the rationale for their use.
Ovarian disorders in domestic animals. The histologic appearance of the ovaries and persistence of corpora lutea vary considerably among domestic animals, particularly between spontaneous and induced ovulators. The seasonally polyestrous mare has a variety of unique characteristics in ovarian structure and general reproductive function. Among the anomalies of ovarian development is the bovine freemartin with gonads containing a mixture of male and female elements. A variety of ovarian cysts occur in domestic animals, and persistent corpora lutea with associated reproductive perturbations occur in several species. Ovarian tumors are...
