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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing thoroughbreds: a preliminary study. Of 235 Thoroughbred racehorses examined with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope within 2 hours of racing to determine the frequency of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH), 103 (43.8%) had various degrees of hemorrhage in the tracheal lumen. Two of these horses (0.8%) subsequently had blood flow from the nostrils. Blood seemed to originate from the lung. Statistical analysis of frequency data for 191 horses which finished in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places did not show any relationship between EIPH and horse's age, sex, or finishing position. However, a trend toward an increased frequency of EIP...
Tissue composition and halothane solubility in the horse. The halothane muscle/gas partition coefficients at 37 degrees C for 26 samples of eight different muscles from four horses were found to depend significantly on the fat content of the muscle sample with a regression coefficient of 1.913 (SEM 0.109) per per cent ether-extractable fat content. The blood/gas partition coefficients in 24 horses showed a significant dependence on plasma triglyceride concentration (regression coefficient 0.00084 (SEM 0.00033) per mg dl-1), an insignificant positive dependence on plasma free and total cholesterol concentration and, in a multiple regression analysis, ...
Equine cervical esophagostomy: complications associated with duration and location of feeding tubes. Cervical esophagostomy for tube feeding was evaluated in 11 ponies. Minor complications responded to supportive therapy in 8 ponies. Two died of complications, and 1 pony had a permanent fistula because of persistent infection. There was a positive correlation between the duration of tube feeding and the event of closure of the esophageal stoma after the tube was removed. There was no difference in the frequency of complications related to duration of tube feeding. When the distal end of the feeding tube was located in the thoracic portion of the esophagus, instead of in the stomach, tubes wer...
Endotoxaemia in the horse. Endotoxins are non-protein fragments of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. They must be absorbed into the circulation to produce disease and systemic effects are similar, regardless of bacterial source. Absorption of endotoxins occurs in obstructive bowel disease and may play a significant part in determining the severity of the disease. Many of the responses to experimentally administered endotoxin are identical to those of bowel diseases or the horse and include circulatory, haematological and metabolic alterations. Therapeutic approaches are indirect and include many drugs currently e...
Resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics in equine strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of benzimidazole-resistant strongyles to non-benzimidazole compounds. The susceptibility of a known thiabendazole-resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both benzimidazole and non-benzimidazole groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 horses infected with thiabendazole-resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: mebendazole, febantel, febantel plus trichlorphon, morantel tartrate, or a combination of thiabendazole, piperazine and trichlorphon. Morantel tartrate and the thiabendazole/piperazine/trichlorphon combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.00...
Reference values for equine peritoneal fluid. Twenty horses, aged one to 17 years (mean age 6 years), presented for elective destruction and subsequently found at autopsy to have no significant peritoneal alterations, were used to determine a variety of reference values for peritoneal fluid. Samples were collected ante mortem or within 1 h post mortem. Each cavity contained 100 to 300 ml of usually clear, pale yellow fluid which in a clinical refractometer showed a mean specific gravity 1.010 (range 1.0081-1.0116) and mean (+/- standard deviation) total protein 7.7 +/- 3.6 g/litre. The mean total nucleated cell count (+/- sd) was 4.33 +/-...
Procedure for granulokinetic studies in the horse with chromium-51. A procedure with chromium-51 (51Cr) as the cell label that maintains high-cell viability for studying granulocyte kinetics in horses is described. The procedure combines and modifies several methods for isolating leukocytes and granulocytes for use in the horse when a large volume of labeled cells is required. Also described is an improved technique for measuring granulocyte specific activity in large serial blood samples, using a Ficoll-sedimentation method. The procedure should be useful for determining granulocyte kinetics in the horse, the only major domestic species for which such data ar...
Conjunctival pedicle grafts used to repair corneal perforations in the horse. Four horses with corneal perforations of various etiologies were presented for surgical correction. Pedicle grafts taken from the bulbar or palpebral conjunctiva were used to repair the defects. Two horses regained functional vision in the affected eyes while a third had significant impairment. The fourth eye, which had an intense uveitis pre and postoperative, became phthisic and blind.
Delayed monensin sodium toxicity in horses. Thirty-two horses were examined with a history of poor performance and unthriftiness several months after the ingestion of feed containing monensin sodium. Cardiac abnormality was diagnosed in 8 cases and suspected in 4 others. Necropsy examinations were performed on 6 cases with marked clinical symptoms and evidence of circulatory failure was found. Marked cardiac myopathy and fibrosis was a consistent feature. It is concluded that ingestion of monensin sodium by horses may cause either acute death or delayed cardiac circulatory failure as a result of specific cardiac myodegeneration.
A technique for catheterisation of the coronary sinus in adult ponies (Equus caballus). Long-term catheterisation of the coronary sinus using a specially designed catheter was accomplished in 6 ponies via a right lateral thoracotomy. The catheter comprised a 10 to 12 cm long stiff segment (Teflon) joined to a 100 cm length of pliable medical grade (vinyl) tubing. Catheters were kept functional up to 10 weeks postoperatively. Location of the catheter tip was verified by determining the oxygen tension of anaerobically withdrawn blood samples. Normal values of oxygen tension of the coronary sinus blood in ponies were similar to those reported for the dog, whereas oxygen content was ...
Effects of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride on the electroencephalogram and the electrocardiogram in the horse. A continuous series of electroencephalograms (EEG) was obtained from each of 6 mature horses which had been given xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride IV. Electrocardiograms and respiratory rates were also obtained. The EEG of the unsedated standing adult horse displayed a dominant fast activity in the range of 25-35 Hz, 5-30 microV superimposed over slower 1-4 Hz, 10-50 microV activity with occasional 10-14 Hz, 10-40 microV spindle-type activity. The xylazine-sedated horse displayed hypersynchronous EEG patterns, with the dominant activity being 1-3 Hz, 10-70 microV with overlying mixed freque...
Congealed amniotic fluid in the alveoli of lungs of aborted foals. The alveoli of the lungs of 2 aborted foals contained elongated, dense bodies when examined histologically and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. By light microscopy, the bodies (10 to 40 micrometers in size) stained intensely with the Gram stain, and up to 10 were present within an alveolus. Electron microscopy determined that such bodies were not cellular in origin but appeared to be a congealed fluid product composed of layers of fibrillar-like material. From the human literature, it was concluded that these intraalveolar bodies were probably congealed amniotic fluid.
Potential blood supply to muscles in horses and dogs and its relation to athletic ability. A modification of the histochemical reaction to demonstrate myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in skeletal (striated) muscle was used to define the density of capillaries in transverse sections of 3 muscles (semitendinosus, diaphragm, and pectoralis transversus) of horses and dogs. Thoroughbred horses and Greyhound dogs, breeds noted for their speed in running, were compared with other members of their respective species. Thoroughbred cross horses were grouped with non-Thoroughbreds for comparison with Thoroughbreds. The area of muscle supplied by a capillary was remarkably similar in mu...
Complement fixation tests for equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi and B caballi) performed in the UK during 1976 to 1979. The results of complement fixation (CF) test for equine piroplasmosis on sera from horses destined for international movement from Great Britain and Ireland are presented and analysed. No horses born and continuously resident in the British Isles were found carrying CF antibodies to either Babesia equi or B caballi. Positive animals were found to have association with the following countries where known tick vectors occur: Spain, Portugal, Belgium, France, Poland, USSR and Arabian Gulf countries. Data on the persistence of CF antibodies in animals subjected to repeated testing showed that some...
