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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Mucosal alterations in experimentally induced small intestinal strangulation obstruction in ponies. Small intestinal strangulation obstruction (ISO) was produced in seven ponies (under pentobarbital-anesthesia) by arteriovenous ligation. Positive-pressure ventilation with room air was used to maintain arterial PCO2 at the initiation of the ISO. Biopsy materials obtained from affected intestines at various times were evaluated, using histopathologic examination and scanning electron microscopy. Mucosal and villus degeneration was graded 0 to V and compared with intestinal gross color, motility, and wall thickness. The mucosa at the tip of the villus was the first to be affected. Degeneration ...
Ultrastructure of Babesia equi in ponies treated with imidocarb. Four splenectomized ponies were infected with Babesia equi. Two ponies were not treated, and two were treated with 5 mg of imidocarb/kg of body weight when 20% of their erythrocytes were parasitized. The nucleus of the parasite in erythrocytes from blood smears of nontreated ponies was roundish, deep red-staining, and usually composed two-thirds of the organism. The parasite in erythrocytes from blood smears of treated ponies was swollen and vacuolated except for an area just beneath the plasma membrane where the compressed nucleus was marginated, elongated, and clumpy. Parasites in erythrocyt...
Occlusion of internal carotid artery in the horse by means of a balloon-tipped catheter: evaluation of a method designed to prevent epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis. A procedure developed to occlude the internal carotid artery of horses with guttural pouch mycosis was modified was modified and evaluated in nine clinically normal horses. The left internal carotid artery was ligated at its origin and occluded distally with an intraluminal balloon catheter. In four horses, the balloon-tipped catheters were left in place until these horses were euthanatized at 4 to 244 days after surgery. In the remaining horses, the catheters were removed after 10 to 14 days by a cutdown procedure, and these horses were euthanatized 1 to 60 days after catheter removal. In bot...
Energy and current requirements for ventricular defibrillation using trapezoidal waves. The threshold energy and current required for ventricular defibrillation was determined in dogs ranging in weight from 6.4 to 38 kg and in ponies ranging in weight from 40 to 101 kg. Trapezoidal waves, 10 ms in duration, with 10%, 50%, 70%, and 90% tilt were applied to transchest electrodes. For all values of tilt, the energy and current required increased with body weight. The energy dose (joules per kilogram of body weight) was higher for the heavier animals, whereas the current dose (peak amperes per kilogram of body weight) was essentially the same for dogs and ponies. In both species and ...
Bilateral ventral accessory neurectomy in windsucking horses. Bilateral neurectomy of the ventral branch of the spinal accessory nerve was performed in an attempt to control windsuckling. There was no permanent improvement in the eight cases described.
[Pharmacokinetic model studies of sulfamerazine in domestic mammals. 5. Resorption of Mebacid tablets in large animals]. The formula proposed by RITSCHEL (1973) for calculation of rates of resorption is explained and modified for use of the monocompartment model. Resorption rates were calculated for cattle, calf, horse, and sheep, with reference being made to the example of Mebacid tablets. The most favourable rate of resorption was established for calf.
Ventricular defibrillation with myocardial electrodes in the dog, calf, pony, and pig. The defibrillation effectiveness of 4-msec rectangular wave shocks was evaluated using myocardial electrodes with 25-kg dogs and (nominally) 100-kg calves, ponies, and pigs as part of an evaluation of the suitability of these animals as models for automatic implanted defibrillator research. The percent success of defibrillation attempts in dogs ranged from 44% with 4-A, 6-J shocks to 93% with 8-A, 16-J shocks. The success achieved in calves with scaled electrodes was uniformly lower and reached a maximum of 28% with 23-A, 107-J shocks. Pigs defibrillated with scaled electrodes at a success lev...
Haematology as an aid to prognosis of chronic laminitis. A COMMON progression of chronic laminitis is ischaemic
necrosis with secondary infection a frequent complication.
For 6 years we have performed a complete blood count
(CBC) on all hospitalised horses (at the University of Missouri
Veterinary Hospital) every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Preliminary scrutiny of the results indicated that persistent
elevation of the total white blood cell count (WBC) and
neutrophilia was consistent with poor prognosis in horses
affected with laminitis. Because of these considerations we
decided to perform a retrospective examination of the blood
cell d...
Cerebral blood flow during normocapnic hyperoxia in the unanesthetized pony. The effect of hyperoxia on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in 12 unanesthetized ponies. CBF was determined using radioactive microspheres, 15 micrometer in diam, durijng inspriation of the following gases: 1) room air (control); 2) 40% I2 in N2; and 3) approximately 100% O2 with 2.2-4.5% CO2 added to maintain isocapnia. CBF did not change from control values during either level of hyperoxia. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) increased during 40% O2 (delta 1.0 Torr) and approximately 100% O2 (delta 2.9 Torr). This rise in CSF PCO2, not due to a change in CB...
[Investigation of mare sera for antibodies against acholeplasmas and mycoplasmas with ther enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (author’s transl)]. After abortion sera were taken from 58 thoroughbred and other mares of the northwestern part of Germany and investigated by ELISA (enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay) for antibodies against Mycoplasma equirhinis, M. subdolum, M. equigenitalium, M. pulmonis, M. felis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, A. hippikon, and A. equifetale. Reactions at serum dilutions of 1:32 and higher were considered as positive. At serum dilution 1:32 no antibodies were found in 11 sera. The remaining sera showed antibodies against one or more of the mycoplasma antigens investigated. The number of multiple reactions decrease...
Antiparasitic activity of parbendazole in critical tests in horses. Critical tests were conducted in 11 naturally infected horses to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of parbendazole. Single doses at the rates of 30, 20, 10, 5, or 2.5 mg/kg of body weight were administered by stomach tube to 1, 4, 2, 2, and 2 horses, respectively. Parbendazole was active against Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi, Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus edentatus, and small strongyles throughout the range of doses. Generally, small numbers of P equorum were present, but apparently a dose rate higher than 2.5 mg/kg is necessary for complete clearance. Removal of O equi was virtually 100...
[Bacteriological studies of Haemophilus equigenitalis Taylor 1978, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis 1977 (author’s transl)]. The cultural, biochemical, antigenic and antibiotic susceptibility characteristics of 17 strains of Haemophilus equigenitalis, the causative organism of contagious equine metritis (CEM), were studied. Biochemical characteristics were investigated using both conventional method and the API ZYM system of enzyme detection. The biochemical profile of the H. equigenitalis strains was unique and differed from the other bacterial species studied under the same experimental conditions (H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae, B. abortus and B. melitensis, P. multocida, A. calcoaceticus). The required X an...
