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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Experimentally induced arthritis of the equine carpus: histologic and histochemical changes in the articular cartilage. Arthritis was experimentally induced in the intercarpal joints of a series of mature ponies by the intraarticular injections of 400 microgram of the polyene antibiotic filipin in 1 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide. Twelve consecutive weekly injections were administered and the ponies were euthanatized 4 weeks after the last injection of filipin was made. The ponies were exercised for 1 hour each day throughout the experiment. Articular cartilage specimens from 4 sites in each intercarpal joint were examined histologically and histo-chemically. For the histochemical examination, safranin O-fast green, ...
Aflatoxicosis in horses. Two episodes of acute aflatoxin poisoning in horses suggest that horses are susceptible to the toxic effects of this mycotoxin. Lesions associated with exposure to aflatoxin included encephalomalacia of cerebral hemispheres, fatty degeneration, necrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, fibrosis of the liver, fatty infiltration of the kidney, hemorrhagic enteritis, and myocardial degeneration. Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and depletion of lymphocytes accompanied these lesions. The diagnosis was based on gross and histopathologic observations, consistent with observations of other species poisoned with ...
Chronic catheterization of coronary sinus in large domestic animals. A technique was developed for long-term catheterization of the coronary sinus in calves and ponies. A catheter with a 10 to 12 cm-long stiff segment was implanted via right lateral thoracotomy. Catheters were kept patent up to 10 weeks after the surgical procedure. At that time, location of the catheter tip was confirmed both by determining oxygen tension of the anaerobically sampled blood and by radiography. Base-line values of oxygen venous blood of non-anesthetized calves and ponies are reported.
Intestinal infarction associated with mesenteric vascular thrombotic disease in the horse. Intestinal infarction associated with cranial mesenteric artery thrombosis, without strangulation obstruction of the intestine, was studied in 18 horses. Findings normally of value in evaluating horses with acute abdominal pain (heart rate, rectal palpation findings, gastric reflux) or classification of the degree of pain were not helpful in diagnosing the problem. Similarly, packed cell volume, plasma total protein, circulating white blood cell count, peritoneal white blood cell count, and peritoneal fluid total protein were not of value in predicting severity of the intestinal damage, locati...
The value of zinc protoporphyrin in equine lead poisoning: a case report. A diagnosis of lead poisoning in a foal was established based on clinical signs and the presence of an elevation in the concentration of blood lead (40 microgram/dl). Additionally, ZPP was determined in whole blood and found to be significantly elevated compared to 10 normal horses not exposed to lead (634 vs 73 microgram/dl). An elevation in ZPP in man has been found to be a sensitive biochemical indicator of lead toxicity even before overt clinical signs are present. This report suggests that ZPP may be a useful screening test for evaluating biological toxicity due to lead in horses and poss...
A complication of cryptorchid castration in three horses. During an 8-month period, 3 horses were examined because of incomplete cryptorchid castration. Each horse had had surgery to remove 1 retained testis. In each case, the attending veterinarian believed castration had been adequately completed. History, rectal examination findings, and in 2 cases, high serum testosterone concentration were factors that led to the decision to do exploratory surgery on each horse. In each case, initial surgery had resulted in surgical removal of the tail of the epididymis, which was mistaken for testicular tissue.
Isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella krefeld from clinical veterinary materials. Six isolations of Salmonella krefeld were made from clinical veterinary specimens. These isolates were multiply resistant to several antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat salmonellosis.
Fibrinolytic activity without fibrinogenolysis during long-distance racing in horses. Fourteen horses were studied during a 157-km endurance ride. Two humans who ran the 157 km were also evaluated at the finish. Fibrin monomer samples were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two major species of horse Beta-chain with higher molecular weights and different isoelectric mobilities than human beta-chain were observed. Horse alpha-chains had higher molecular weights than human alpha-chains but similar alpha-chain heterogeneities. Mean euglobulin lysis time (ELT) in the horses was accelerated to similar levels...
Therapeutic effect of phenylbutazone on experimental acute Escherichia coli endotoxemia in ponies. Phenylbutazone (PBZ), a classic anti-inflammatory and prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor drug, was used to determine the role of prostaglandins and other mediators on the development and perpetuation of the response to intraperitoneal Escherichia coli endotoxin administration. The PBZ (15 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV 30 minutes after endotoxin administration and was repeated later at 6 and 12 hours at a dose of 10 mg/kg. A variety of evaluation measurements (hematologic, blood glucose, pyruvate, lactate and fibrinogen, serum beta-glucuronidase, prothrombin time, blood gases, hepati...
Fatty acid composition of equine plasma. Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids of normal horses was determined. Four fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2) comprised 86.73% of the total, with C18:2 comprising 44.04% of the total. Eight other fatty acids were found in small amounts. Unsaturated fatty acids constituted 66% of the total. Marked variation was demonstrated in fatty acid occurrence and distribution in the sterol ester, triglyceride, phospholipid, and free fatty acid fractions.
Influence of season and age on reproductive activity in pony mares on the basis of a slaughterhouse survey. Reproductive tracts were collected monthly over a 3-year period from 1,003 nonpregnant ponies at a slaughtering plant in Wisconsin. Ages of the animals were estimated from tooth replacement and wear. Ovaries were examined for follicular and luteal activity. There were no differences between left and right ovaries in size or occurrence of ovulation. The frequency of multiple ovulations, 10%, was higher than previously reported for ponies. The follicular changes during the ovulatory cycle did not support a two-wave theory of follicular growth. Ovarian activity changed seasonally, a finding simil...
[Contagious equine metritis 1977 (CEM). A review (author’s transl)]. The properties of the bacterium, symptoms, post-mortem findings, diagnosis, therapy, control, prevention and epizootiology of contagious equine metritis 1977 (CEM) are reviewed. This disease was previously diagnosed in most of the countries surrounding the Netherlands, but has not been reported so far in the Netherlands. On the analogy of the serum adopted in other countries, a code of practice was developed to prevent and control this disease when it is diagnosed.
In vitro host range of equine infectious anemia virus. Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was successfully inoculated onto cell cultures of canine and feline origin, resulting in chronic infections in these cultures. Infection of equine cell cultures, which were the previous sole in vitro source demonstrated for virus production, was also performed for comparative purposes. Determination of the nature of the virus produced in the heterologous as well as the equine cells was accomplished in several ways. SDS-PAGE of purified virus from the different cell lines indicated very similar protein composition. Immunological identity was observed in gel...
